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本内容源自：Alsalmi F, Nemeth J, Alshaaban M. e²FAST: Integrating Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasound Into the Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool of Hemorrhagic Shock in Trauma Patients. Cureus. 2025 Dec 5;17(12):e98529. doi: 10.7759/cureus.98529. PMID: 41492596; PMCID: PMC12765494.
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