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     最近收到不少家长的后台留言，问的最多的就是：网上非常热的“大路灯”到底是不是智商税，值得购买吗？既然粉丝小伙伴们都提问了，那就安排！且听杨医生慢慢道来。
Recently, I have received many backstage messages from parents, and the most asked question is: Is the very hot “street lamp” on the Internet an IQ tax, is it worth buying? Since the fans have all asked questions, then arrange! And listen to Dr. Yang slowly.

      其实“大路灯”这个词最早指的是在道路、广场、公园或其他室外开放空间的大型照明设备。它们的主要作用就是在夜间提供照明，确保行人和车辆的安全，同时也作为城市景观的一部分，为城市增添美观和特色。
In fact, the word “street lamp” first referred to large lighting fixtures on roads, squares, parks or other outdoor open spaces. Their main role is to provide illumination at night, ensuring the safety of pedestrians and vehicles, while also serving as part of the urban landscape, adding beauty and character to the city.

      而在我们近视防控中的“落地护眼灯”因为其形状酷似街边的路灯，而且也用于室内孩子的学习生活环镜照明，因此也被叫做了“大路灯”。
The “floor-standing eye protection lamp” in our myopia prevention and control is also called “street lamp” because its shape resembles a street lamp on the street, and it is also used for indoor children’s study and life ring mirror lighting.

      大路灯到底是不是智商税呢？杨医生下面这句话可能会得罪一些灯具制造商，但总结来说：贵的大路灯可能性价比不高，但的确有用，而那些非常便宜的大路灯一定是智商税！
Is street lamp an IQ tax? Dr. Yang’s following sentence may offend some lamp manufacturers, but in summary: expensive street lamps may not be cost-effective, but they are indeed useful, and those very cheap street lamps must be IQ tax!

      为何这么说呢？首先我们要明白太阳光能有效防控近视的两大绝招：光照度和光谱
Why do you say that? First of all, we need to understand that sunlight can effectively prevent and control myopia: illuminance and spectrum

      大量研究证明，无论对于动物还是人类，环境光照度越高，眼轴进展就会越慢。当环境光照度在1000LUX以上时，近视防控就会有显著意义。而当环境亮度在3000lux~5000lux，眼轴的增长速度又会放慢一个台阶。甚至有研究发现，平均环境光照度每上升1000lux，眼轴年增长速度会减慢0.05mm/年。而户外阳光的光照度，在大晴天一般都是10000LUX起步，这也是白天户外活动多的孩子眼轴增长慢，甚至出现退轴的主要原因。
Numerous studies have proven that the higher the ambient light level, the slower the axial progression in both animals and humans. When the ambient illumination is above 1000LUX, myopia prevention and control will be of significant significance. When the ambient brightness is 3000lux~5000lux, the growth rate of the eye axis will slow down by one step. Some studies have even found that for every 1000lux increase in average ambient light, the annual growth rate of the eye axis will slow down by 0.05mm/year. The illuminance of outdoor sunlight generally starts at 10,000LUX on sunny days, which is also the main reason why the eye axis of children with more outdoor activities during the day grows slowly and even retreats.

环镜光照度越亮，眼轴增长越慢  The brighter the illumination of the ring mirror, the slower the growth of the eye axis

图片来源：Scott A. Read Light Exposure and Eye Growth in Childhood IOVS jOctober 2015 Vol. 56 No. 11 6780

      除了光照度，光谱学说也是一大热门话题。我们熟悉的阳光按照波长可以分为：紫外光（UVR 波长 400nm以下)、可见光（VIS 波长380~760nm）以及红外光（IR 波长760nm以上），其中可见光（即红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫）波长在380～760nm之间，占全部太阳光的52%，不可见光中红外线占43%，紫外线占5%。
In addition to illumination, spectroscopy is also a hot topic. The sunlight we are familiar with can be divided into ultraviolet light (UVR wavelength below 400nm), visible light (VIS wavelength 380~760nm) and infrared light (IR wavelength above 760nm), of which visible light (i.e., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet) wavelength is between 380~760nm, accounting for 52% of all sunlight, infrared light accounts for 43%, and ultraviolet light accounts for 5%.

      虽然现在我们并不清楚到底是哪一段波长的阳光对近视防控有决定性的意义（有说蓝紫光等短波长光有利，也有说红光等长波长光有利）。但是目前普遍认为光谱越全越接近太阳光防控效果就越好。
Although we do not know which wavelength of sunlight is decisive for myopia prevention and control (some say that short-wavelength light such as blue-violet light is beneficial, while others say that long-wavelength light such as red light is advantageous). However, it is generally believed that the more complete the spectrum, the closer the sunlight prevention and control effect will be.

普通照明灯的光照度和光谱  Illuminance and spectrum of ordinary lighting

落地护眼灯的光照度和光谱  The illuminance and spectrum of floor eye protection lamps

      而2022年新加坡国立大学、新加坡国家眼科研究所的一篇论文也发现，在相同的光照度下，在全光谱灯下饲养的小鸡，它们的眼轴增长更慢，科学家们甚至观察到眼轴有少许回退的现象。
A 2022 paper by the National University of Singapore and the National Institute of Ophthalmology of Singapore also found that chicks raised under full-spectrum lamps under the same light level grew more slowly, and scientists even observed a slight retraction of the eye axis.

图片来源：Arumugam R. Muralidharan. Recovery From Form-Deprivation Myopia in Chicks Is Dependent Upon the Fullness and Correlated Color Temperature of the Light Spectrum. IOVS | February 2022 | Vol. 63 | No. 2 | Article 16 | 2

      因此理论上来说一台真正靠谱的护眼灯必须具备两大条件：充足的光照度和光照面积以及尽可能的接近太阳的全光谱。
Therefore, theoretically, a truly reliable eye protection lamp must have two major conditions: sufficient illumination and illumination area, and the full spectrum as close to the sun as possible.

      而按照现有的科技水平，要达到这样的条件，制造成本会很高，那些售价在三位数甚至二位数的所谓的全光谱大路灯几乎不可能实现，所以杨医生才说非常便宜的大路灯一定是智商税。

那制造成本主要贵在哪里呢？  So where is the main manufacturing cost?

1. 灯珠：为了要获得近似太阳光谱的高显色性全光谱灯，目前主流的制作方法是通过LED灯芯片释放蓝光或紫光激发不同的荧光粉，从而形成不同波长的光。理论上来说，光谱越完整、越连续，需要的荧光粉种类越多，量也相对越大。
1. Lamp beads: In order to obtain high-color rendering full-spectrum lamps similar to the solar spectrum, the current mainstream production method is to release blue or violet light through LED lamp chips to excite different phosphors, so as to form different wavelengths of light. Theoretically, the more complete and continuous the spectrum, the more types of phosphors are needed, and the larger the amount.

用于制作全光谱灯的荧光粉  Phosphors used to make full-spectrum lamps

图片来源：陈晓霞. 全光谱 LED 照明用荧光粉发展现状及趋势.中国工程科学 2020 年 第 22 卷 第 2 期
Image source: Chen Xiaoxia. Development status and trend of phosphor for full-spectrum LED lighting. Strategic Study of CAE Vol. 22, No. 2, 2020

      而不同材质LED荧光粉由于耐热、耐腐蚀性各不相同，它们的衰减度也不一样。这就会出现全光谱LED的光谱随温度和使用时间的延长而出现缺失，因此高品质全光谱灯要尽可能保证所用到的荧光粉衰减速度相近，就需要一些技术手段改善，诸如提高荧光粉晶格完整性、表面的包覆处理等。
LED phosphors of different materials have different heat and corrosion resistance, and their attenuation degrees are also different. Therefore, high-quality full-spectrum lamps need to ensure that the decay rate of the phosphor used is similar as possible, and some technical means are needed to improve, such as improving the integrity of the phosphor lattice and surface coating.

      不夸张的说LED灯珠是大路灯的灵魂，也是核心竞争力，好的灯珠和差的灯珠无论在光谱全面性、照明亮度及使用寿命上，有着天差地别的不同。
It is no exaggeration to say that LED lamp beads are the soul of street lamps, but also the core competitiveness, good lamp beads and poor lamp beads are very different in terms of spectral comprehensiveness, lighting brightness and service life.

2. 灯珠数量和排列方法：因为大路灯需要生成足够的光照，和足够宽和连续的光谱，因此就需要一定数量的LED灯珠。理论上来说，灯珠的数量越多，能达成的光照度也会越高、光谱也会越全。此外，灯珠的数量多了，单个灯珠的损耗也会越小，荧光粉的衰减也会越慢，灯的使用寿命也会越长。但是灯珠装多了，功率就会上去，适配器也会要求做大，灯条的导热系数也要增加，无形中，灯的成本就会增加。因此为了控制灯珠数量，又出现了两种主要的灯珠排列发光法：侧排发光和直排发光。
2. Number and arrangement of lamp beads: Because street lamps need to generate enough light and a wide and continuous spectrum, a certain number of LED lamp beads are required. Theoretically, the more lamp beads there are, the higher the illumination and the more complete the spectrum. In addition, the more lamp beads there are, the smaller the loss of a single lamp bead, the slower the attenuation of phosphor, and the longer the service life of the lamp. But if the lamp beads are installed too much, the power will go up, the adapter will also be required to be larger, and the thermal conductivity of the light strip will also increase, and the cost of the lamp will increase. Therefore, in order to control the number of lamp beads, two main lamp bead arrangement luminescence methods have emerged: side row light and inline row lighting.

侧排发光  Side rows glow

直排发光  Straight line glow

      直排发光法的优点是灯光直射，减少了光线的散射和损失，同样数目的灯珠下，直排会比侧排发光的光照度更亮。另外，直排发光有较大的散热区，因此对灯罩材料的散热要求较低。但是直排发出的光线直接而强烈，容易产生眩光，不太适合需要长期舒适用眼的要求。
The advantage of inline light emission method is that the light is direct, which reduces the scattering and loss of light, and under the same number of lamp beads, the inline row will be brighter than the side row of light. In addition, inline luminescence has a large heat dissipation area, so the heat dissipation requirements for the lampshade material are low. However, the light emitted by the indirect row is direct and intense, which is easy to produce glare, which is not suitable for long-term comfort for the eyes.

      而侧排发光法的优点是由于光是从侧面发出，确保了整个照明区域得到均等的光线分布，减少了光线的不均匀现象。此外，侧发光的光线更为柔和，从而减少了眩光可能，更适合长时间阅读用眼的要求。但是，侧排发光单位灯珠的照明能力比直排发光要低，为了达到足够的照明度，就需要更多的灯珠，这就无形中增加了制造成本。
The advantage of the side row luminescence method is that the light is emitted from the side, ensuring that the entire lighting area is evenly distributed and reducing the uneven phenomenon of light. In addition, the light from the side light is softer, which reduces the possibility of glare and is more suitable for long-term reading eye requirements. However, the lighting capacity of the side luminous unit lamp beads is lower than that of the inline light, and in order to achieve sufficient illumination, more lamp beads are needed, which invisibly increases the manufacturing cost.

3.灯罩的散热性  一些家里有大路灯的家长一定有一个共同的怨念：就是大路灯真的好重，搬运非常不方便。为什么厂家不用更轻的材料去做灯座和灯罩呢？不是厂家不愿意而是不能。前面已经讲了，大路灯的灯罩里，是许多LED灯珠，这些灯珠一起发光就会产生热量，为了减少荧光粉的损耗，必须要严格控制灯罩内的温度。因此目前大部分大路灯的灯罩材料主要是铝。理论上来说，全铸铝灯罩比铝框灯罩的散热性更好，但成本也会越高。而灯罩重了，为了防止灯容易摔倒，自然下方的底座也增加配重，因此市面上的大路灯一般都非常的重。
3. Heat dissipation of the lampshade Some parents who have street lamps at home must have a common complaint: that is, the street lamps are really heavy and very inconvenient to carry. Why don’t manufacturers use lighter materials to make lamp holders and shades? It’s not that the manufacturer doesn’t want to, but that he can’t. As mentioned earlier, in the lampshade of the street lamp, there are many LED lamp beads, these lamp beads will generate heat when they shine together, in order to reduce the loss of phosphor, the temperature in the lampshade must be strictly controlled. Therefore, the lampshade material of most street lamps is mainly aluminum. Theoretically, the heat dissipation of all-cast aluminum lampshades is better than that of aluminum frame lampshades, but the cost will also be higher. In order to prevent the lamp from falling easily, the base under the natural base also increases the counterweight, so the street lamps on the market are generally very heavy.

      所以，理论上一款出色的大路灯应该具有：优质的较多数量的LED灯珠、侧排发光、高散热的全铸铝灯罩，以及稳定的电控系统。但这也导致了其制造成本的大幅度增加，从而产品价格也就水涨船高了。
Therefore, in theory, an excellent street lamp should have: high-quality and a large number of LED lamp beads, side lighting, high heat dissipation all-cast aluminum lampshade, and stable electronic control system. But this has also led to a significant increase in its manufacturing costs, so that product prices have risen.

      首先，无论全光谱大路灯近视防控的效果究竟如何，还是不能替代阳光，所以每天充足的日间户外活动还是要保证。当预算充足时，优先排除价格特别低的小众品牌，原因前面已经说了。
First of all, no matter what the effect of myopia prevention and control of full-spectrum street lamps is, it still cannot replace sunlight, so sufficient daytime outdoor activities every day must still be ensured. When the budget is sufficient, give preference to excluding niche brands with particularly low prices, for the reasons already mentioned earlier.

      其次，购买时也可以咨询店家，优先选择上下都能发光、灯珠排列为侧排发光的产品，如果有可能也可以问下灯珠的数量，理论上来说同样输入功率的灯，463颗0.5W的灯珠会比258颗0.5W灯珠的使用寿命更长，光照更强、光谱维持更持久。而全铸铝的灯罩会比框架铝的灯罩导热性更好，从而增加灯的使用寿命，这也是购买时可以考虑的因素。关于瓦数，一般我们建议直接100W起步，因为现在的大路灯的照度都是可调的，如果觉得太亮刺眼可以调低，但是如果瓦数买低了，调到顶都不够亮就麻烦了。
Secondly, when purchasing, you can also consult the store, give preference to products that can emit light up and down, and the lamp beads are arranged as side rows of light, if possible, you can also ask about the number of lamp beads, theoretically speaking, 463 0.5W lamp beads will have a longer service life than 258 0.5W lamp beads, stronger light, and longer spectrum maintenance. The lampshade of all-cast aluminum will conduct heat better than the lampshade of frame aluminum, thereby increasing the service life of the lamp, which is also a factor that can be considered when purchasing. Regarding wattage, generally we recommend starting directly at 100W, because the illuminance of today’s street lamps is adjustable, if you feel too bright and dazzling, you can lower it, but if the wattage is bought low, it will be troublesome if it is not bright enough to the top.

上下发光的大路灯可以提供更完整明亮的用眼环镜  The street lamps that emit up and down can provide a more complete and bright eye-ring mirror

      最后，尽量选择显色指数高的灯具。因为显色指数可以用来衡量光源对物体的显色能力，理论上来说显色指数越高，该光源下物体的显色越真实，越接近自然阳光下的效果，其光谱也越全。目前行业普遍认为全光谱灯需要至少同时满足以下显色性要求:一般显色指数:Ra > 95;特殊显色指数:R1 ~ R15 > 90，当然这些数值越高肯定越好。
Finally, try to choose lamps with a high color rendering index. Theoretically, the higher the color rendering index, the more realistic the color rendering of the object under the light source, the closer it is to the effect under natural sunlight, and the more complete its spectrum. At present, the industry generally believes that full-spectrum lamps need to meet at least the following color rendering requirements: general color rendering index: Ra > 95; Special color rendering index: R1 ~ R15 > 90, of course, the higher these values, the better.

一款好的全光谱灯各项显色指数都会很高  A good full-spectrum lamp will have a high color rendering index

图片来源：裘金阳. 全光谱 LED 技术研究进展.发光学报. 第 41 卷 第 2 期.2020 年 2 月
Image source: Qiu Jinyang. Research progress on full-spectrum LED technology. Luminescence Journal. Vol. 41 No. 2. February 2020

      写到这里，杨医生想说，虽然高质量的大路灯的确比普通灯具有更好的近视防控效果，但是大路灯并不是近视防控的刚需产品。健康的用眼生活习惯、充足的大户外以及正确的医疗干预方式，才是近视防控的主力军。大路灯可以通过改善室内用眼环镜光照作为近视防控的辅助产品使用，但是杨医生还是建议家长根据自己的经济情况量力购买。如果手头实在拮据，与其花几百买个没什么用的劣质大路灯，不如买个光照度够亮的护眼台灯。另外，杨医生只做科普，不做带货，所以不要问我买哪个牌子的大路灯，大家根据杨医生的建议自行选择购买即可。
Writing this, Dr. Yang wants to say that although high-quality street lamps do have better myopia prevention and control effects than ordinary lamps, street lamps are not just needed products for myopia prevention and control。 Healthy eye living habits, sufficient outdoor activities and correct medical intervention methods are the main forces in myopia prevention and control. Street lamps can be used as auxiliary products for myopia prevention and control by improving indoor eye ring mirror lighting, but Dr. Yang still recommends that parents buy according to their financial situation. If you are really short on cash, instead of spending a few hundred to buy a useless low-quality street lamp, it is better to buy an eye-protecting desk lamp with enough light. In addition, Dr. Yang only does popular science, not goods, so don’t ask me which brand of street lamp to buy, you can choose to buy it according to Dr. Yang’s suggestion.

撰文：杨羿  Written by: Yang Yi

绘图：董冰艺  Drawing: Dong Bingyi