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公式 001
a + 单数量词 + of + 可数名词复数
a pair of eyes 一双眼睛 a pair of shoes 一双鞋 a box of sweets 一盒糖 a pile of stones 一堆石头 a basket of eggs 一篮子鸡蛋 a group of children 一群孩子
公式 002
数词 + 复数量词 + of + 可数名词复数
two boxes of pens 两盒钢笔 two baskets of apples 两篮子苹果 two pairs of gloves 两副手套
公式 003
a + 单数量词 + of + 不可数名词
a drop of blood 一滴血 a piece of chalk 一支粉笔 a bit of bread 一小块面包 a pound of meat 一磅肉 a meter of cloth 一米布 a ton of coal 一吨煤 a bag of rice 一袋大米 a bottle of wine 一瓶葡萄酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a basin of water 一盆水
公式 004
数词 + 复数量词 + of + 不可数名词
two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 four bottles of water 四瓶水 three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡
公式 005
复数名词词尾 +’s
the children's toys 儿童玩具 today's news 今天的新闻 the cat's tail 猫的尾巴 women's rights 妇女的权利 Mary's bike 玛丽的自行车 an hour's walk 步行一个小时的路程 This is not my dictionary. It's my sister's. 这不是我的词典，是我姐姐的。 Many children's eyesight is getting poorer and poorer. 很多孩子的视力变得越来越差。
公式 006
复数名词词尾 +’
The girls' shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into Tom's car. 这些女孩的鞋子满是泥，所以我让她们把鞋脱下来再上汤姆的车。 —How far is it from Dalian to Xian? 从大连到西安有多远？—It's about two hours' flight. 乘飞机大约两个小时。 My parents' hometown is very beautiful. 我父母的家乡非常美。 Those girls who welcomed the guests were the teachers' daughters. 迎接客人的那些女孩都是老师们的女儿。 He found it difficult to answer the visitors' questions. 他发现那些参观者的问题很难回答。
公式 007
A+and+C+’s 表示两者或多者共同拥有。
Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling's mother. 王教授是李明和李玲的妈妈。 Mary and Sara's room is big and bright. They like it very much. 玛丽和萨拉的房间宽敞、明亮，她们很喜欢它。
公式 008
A+’s+and+C+’s 表示两者或多者分别拥有。
Tim's and Peter's fathers teach in the same school. 蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所学校教书。
公式 009
名词 + of + 名词
From the top of the cliff came the cry of the child. 从悬崖顶上传来了那个孩子的哭声。 The windows of that house are broken. 那间房子的窗户破了。 There is something wrong with the engine of the car. 这辆车的发动机出了故障。 The problem of the poor is that they cannot find the right way to get out of the difficult situation. 穷人的问题是他们找不到正确的方法摆脱困境。 When in trouble, I usually ask for the advice of my parents. 遇到麻烦时，我通常去征询我父母的意见。
公式 010
of 前的名词常由冠词、数词、不定代词等修饰；带’s 所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。
I have only read four books of Dickens'. 我只看过狄更斯的四本书。 This is a picture of my brother's. 这是我哥哥收藏的一幅画。 Many friends of his have been abroad. 他的许多朋友都出过国。 He is a cousin of mine. 他是我的一个表哥。
公式 011
many 等 + 可数名词复数
He made a great many mistakes. 他犯了许多错误。 My time is very precious, so I can only give you a few minutes. 我的时间很宝贵，所以我只能给你几分钟的时间。 A number of my friends came to the party. 我的很多朋友参加了这次派对。 I hear quite a few boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. 我听说你们学校有相当多的男生喜欢在业余时间踢足球，虽然也有一些人更喜欢打篮球。
公式 012
much 等 + 不可数名词
He doesn't have much furniture in his room—just an old desk. 他房间里没有多少家具 —— 就一张旧书桌。 The factory made too much noise. It was so noisy that I couldn't sleep well every night. 工厂制造了太大的噪音，吵得我每晚都睡不好。 A large amount of money was spent on the magnificent building. 这座气派的大楼花了许多钱。 We got little help from them. 我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。 His work has been attracting a great deal of attention. 他的作品引起了广泛的关注。
公式 013
a lot of 等 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词
Some police officers in the UK carry guns, but most often don't. 在英国，一些警察带枪，但大多数不带。 I asked her for some milk, but she didn't have any. 我向她要一些牛奶，但是她一点都没有了。 The young dancers looked so charming in their clothes that we took masses of pictures of them. 年轻的舞蹈演员们穿着她们的衣服，太迷人了，因此我们给她们拍了很多照片。 We always keep plenty of spare paper, in case we run out. 我们总是存有大量的备用纸张以免用完。 As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land. 由于森林被破坏，大片的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
公式 014
a/an + 可数名词单数
A doctor is the person that helps to save people's lives. 医生就是帮助挽救人们生命的人。 A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。 An engineer is one whose job is to design or build roads, bridges, machines and so on. 工程师就是设计或建造公路、桥梁、机器等的人。
公式 015
the + 可数名词单数
In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. 在中国的很多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。 The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats. 老虎无疑是大型猫科动物中最威武的。
公式 016
零冠词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词
Teachers should encourage students to ask more questions. 老师应该鼓励学生多问问题。 There are cars, buses and bicycles coming and going up and down the street. 街道上轿车、公共汽车和自行车来来往往。 Plastic is hard to break up. 塑料很难分解。
公式 017
a/an + 不可数名词单数表示泛指、初地提到，“一；每” 等意义。
India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle. 一场漫长的斗争之后，1947 年印度获得了独立。 They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader. 他们选择汤姆当本队队长，因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导者。 He was born in a small village in Guizhou Province. 他出生在贵州省的一个小山村里。 The car is travelling at 120 kilometers an hour. 轿车正以每小时 120 千米的速度行驶。
公式 018
a/an + 专有名词 表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或不确定的时间。
I can't tell you the way to the Wilsons' because we don't have a Wilson here in the village. 我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为村里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu. 来自各行各业的人们正在为一个全新的江苏而努力工作着，这一事实给这里的游客留下了深刻的印象。 The story took place in an October in the 1980s. 这个故事发生在 20 世纪 80 年代的一个 10 月。
公式 019
a/an + 抽象名词
Working with Jane is a joy. 和简一起工作是一件快乐的事。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些困难时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。 —How about the Christmas evening party? 圣诞晚会怎么样？—I should say it was a success. 我得说那是一个成功的晚会。
公式 020
a/an + 物质名词
A terrible snow struck this area in December and caused severe damage. 12 月间，这个地区遭遇了一场大雪，造成了严重的损失。 I'd like a coffee and two beers, sir. 先生，我要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
公式 021
the + 名词 特指上文提到过的、特定的或谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
I visited a church in Jinan. The church was built in the early 1900s. 我在济南参观了一座教堂，这座教堂建于 20 世纪初。 As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange sight. 杰克走到前门时，他看到了一个奇怪的景象。
公式 022
the+sun/earth 等
There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth. 太空中有 58,000 多个岩石体，其中大约 900 个有可能会坠落到地球上。 The moon reflects the sun. 月亮反射太阳的光。 The earth moves around the sun while the moon moves around the earth. 地球围着太阳转而月亮围着地球转。 As time goes on, we will know more about the Mars. 随着时间的推移，我们对火星的了解会更多。
公式 023
the + 姓氏的复数形式
The Browns are all living in China. 布朗一家全住在中国。 The Turners are sitting at a corner table. 特纳一家正坐在靠墙角的一张桌子旁。 The Johnsons are very old. 约翰逊夫妇年纪很大。
公式 024
the + 专有名词
As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans for the wounded right now. 我们应立即对伤员进行医疗护理。
公式 025
the + 方位名词
on the left 在左边 from the behind 从后面
公式 026
the + 形容词
in the east 在东部 to the right 朝右边 The deaf can go to this special school. 失聪的人可以到这所特殊学校上学。 The new is to take the place of the old. 新事物终将取代旧事物。 We should provide medical care. 我们应该提供医疗护理。
公式 027
the + 西洋乐器、娱乐活动等类的名词
I play the guitar in the school band. 我在学校乐队里面弹吉他。 The boy of no more than four years old can play the piano very well. 这个年仅四岁的男孩钢琴弹得很好。 They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去看电影。
公式 028
动词 + sb.+ 介词 + the + 身体部位
An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. 一个苹果从树上掉了下来，砸在了他的头上。 The father led his daughter by the hand and walked into the supermarket. 爸爸牵着女儿的手走进了超市。
公式 029
He has never written such an interesting book as that. 他从未写过像那本书一样那么有趣的书。 Most people know what a great scientist Edison became later. 大多数人都知道爱迪生后来成了一位非常伟大的科学家。 The performance finally started half an hour later. 半小时后演出终于开始了。
公式 030
as/so/too/how + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数
I have never spent as delightful a day as this Sunday. 我从未度过像这个星期天这样令人高兴的一天。 Mr Smith is so good a teacher that all of us like him. 史密斯先生是一位如此好的老师，我们都喜欢他。 Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home. 莉莉太小，不能把她独自留在家里。
公式 031
I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday. 我昨天的考试很容易。 Our maths teacher is quite a character. 我们的数学老师与众不同。
公式 032
all/both/double/half/twice 等 + the + 名词
All the students in the class went out. 班里所有的学生都出去了。 We paid twice the price for the picture. 我们付双倍的价钱买了这幅画。 It's only half the size of a normal violin. 它只有普通小提琴的一半大小。
公式 033
you/he/she/It 用于多个单数人称并列的场合。
You and I have done our best. 我和你都已经尽全力了。 Tom and I left home early this morning. 我和汤姆今天一大早都离开了家。 She and I got the same idea. 我和她想到一块儿去了。
公式 034
we/you/they
We, you and they all have made mistakes. 我们、你们和他们都犯了错误。 We, you and they are all Chinese. 我们、你们和他们都是中国人。 We and they are longing to see you. 我们和他们都渴望见你。
公式 035
he+she
He and she don't agree with me. 他和她不同意我的看法。 Graduating from high school, he and she were admitted to the same university. 高中毕业后，他和她被同一所大学录取。
公式 036
用于指代与前面提到的名词为同一个事物的场合。
Tom doesn't like the film himself, but his parents like it. 汤姆本人不喜欢这部电影，但是他的父母喜欢。 I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it. 我喜欢这座前面有个漂亮花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱买下它。
公式 037
It+be/get + 形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语
It gets colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。 It's eleven o'clock sharp now. 现在 11 点整。 It is five kilometers from your office to the bank. 从你的办公室到银行有五千米远。
公式 038
It+be + 被强调部分 + that…
It was because he would get the chance to travel that he wanted to work as a tour guide. 就是因为能有机会去旅行，他才想从事导游职业的。 It was our manager that/who met me at the airport yesterday. 昨天是我们经理去机场接我的。 It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名，而且它的天气也很有名。
公式 039
It+be + 形容词 + to do sth.
It is necessary to expand your vocabulary in studying English. 在英语学习中扩大词汇量是必要的。 It is very important for us to master computer skills. 对于我们来说，掌握计算机技能是非常重要的。 It is very easy for you to finish the work in two days. 对于你来说，两天之内完成这项工作很容易。 It is very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
公式 040
It+be + 形容词 + of sb.+to do sth.
It is foolish of you to believe in such a person. 相信一个这样的人你真傻。 It was nice of you to help. 你帮了我，真好。 It is generous of the little girl to share her toys with other kids. 这个小女孩很大方，和其他孩子分享她的玩具。 It is clever of him to work out such a difficult problem. 他把这么难的问题都算出来了，真聪明。
公式 041
It+be+no use/no good+doing sth.
It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. 与比尔争论是没有用的，因为他永远不会改变主意。 It is no good turning to him. He is always indifferent to others' matters. 向他求助没用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。 It is no good telling him. He won't listen. 告诉他没有用，他不会听的。
公式 042
It+be + 过去分词 + that 从句
It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. 人们常对人类天生具有对话的能力。 It is believed that the house was built in 1735. 据认为这所房子建于 1735 年。 It is reported that the rain will stop tomorrow. 据报道，明天这场雨就会停。 It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. 按照规定您不能把您的电子邮箱账户密码告诉别人。 It is known that she is a learned woman. 众所周知，她是一位博学的女士。
公式 043
It+be + 名词 + 不定式 /that 从句
In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. 实际上，派警察来对，在一场重大的足球赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。 It is an honour for me to be invited to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。 It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture. 您错过了这么好的一个报告真可惜。 It is a fact that English is learned as an international language. 英语作为一种国际性的语言被学习是一个事实。
公式 044
It+be + 形容词 + that 从句
It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan. 很显然，大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。 It is obvious that he doesn't know how to repair a car. 很明显，他不知道怎样修理汽车。 It is necessary that he remember these words. 他有必要记住这些话。
公式 045
It + 某些动词 + that 从句
It appears that all the files have been deleted. 所有的文件好像都已经被删除了。 It seems that he hasn't known anything about that. 看起来他对那件事情还一无所知。 It happened that he went by the store at that time. 那时他碰巧经过那家商店。
公式 046
It+be+one's turn+to do sth.
It is your turn to sing a song now. 现在轮到你唱歌了。 It is Tom's turn to clean the office today. 今天轮到汤姆打扫办公室了。
公式 047
It+be+time…
It is time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。 Now it is time for me to study hard. 现在是我努力学习的时候了。 It is high time that you made/should make a decision. 到了你作出决定的时候了。
公式 048
It+has been/is + 时间段 + since…
It is three years since I came here. 我来这儿已经三年了。 It is three months since they completed the great project. 他们完成这项大工程已经三个月了。 That was really a splendid evening. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much. 那确实是一个很精彩的夜晚，我有多年没玩得这么开心了。 It has been eleven years since he was a coach. 他已经有 11 年不当教练了。
公式 049
It+was/will be+ 时间段 + before…
It was several minutes before we realized what was happening. 几分钟后我们才明白发生了什么事情。 It will be a while before we know the results. 我们要过一会儿才能知道结果。
公式 050
主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 补足语 + 真正宾语
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. 这两个女孩长得太像了以致陌生人很难分辨她们。 Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 苏珊已明确表示她希望自己开始新的生活。 No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都把在早餐前散步当成规矩。
公式 051
I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见了这次事故的全过程。 The restaurant has a kitchen garden of its own. 这家饭店有自己的菜园。
公式 052
one…, the other…
He has two sons. One is a doctor, and the other is a soldier. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是军人。 It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and the other is Japan's Kansai International Airport. 据说从太空中能够清楚地看到两个人造建筑物：一个是中国长城，另一个是日本的关西国际机场。
公式 053
some…, others…
Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball. 一些男孩子在踢足球，另外一些在打篮球。 There are lots of people in the park on Sunday. Some are walking, and others are climbing the hills. 星期天公园里有许多人，一些在散步，另一些在爬山。
公式 054
some…, the others…
Of these students, some are from Peking University, and the others are from Tsinghua University. 这些学生中，一些来自北京大学，其余的来自清华大学。 Some of my birthday gifts were given by my relatives, and the others were given by my friends. 我的生日礼物有一些是我的亲戚们送的，其余的是我的朋友们送的。
公式 055
one…,another…
The old man's three daughters are all abroad. One is in the US, another is in England and the other seems to be in France. 这位老人的三个女儿都在国外，一个在美国，一个在英国，另外一个好像在法国。 Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 回收利用是保护环境的一种方法，重复利用是另一种方法。
公式 056
I have got a few friends who live nearby. 我有几个住在附近的朋友。 He has few interests outside his work. 工作之外他几乎没有什么兴趣。 —Can you speak French? 你会说法语吗？—Yes, but a little. 会，不过只会打一点。 We have little rain here in spring. 我们这里春天几乎不下雨。
公式 057
such+be… be 的单复数形式由其后的名词或代词决定。
Such were her wishes. 这就是她的愿望。 Such is their decision. 这就是他们的决定。
公式 058
—I'd like some more cheese. 我想再要一些奶酪。—Sorry, there's none left. 对不起，一点也没有了。 Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 尽管罗斯玛丽多年受重病折磨，但她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。 None of the money was missing. 钱一点儿也没丢。 Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him. 查尔斯一个人在家，没有人照顾他。
公式 059
用于询问职业。
What is your elder sister? 你姐姐是干什么的？ What does your father do? 你爸爸是做什么的？ What did you do when you were in London? 你在伦敦时是做什么的？
公式 060
What+be + 主语 + like? 用于询问某人 / 事物是什么样的或怎么样。
One of the twins is very active. What is the other like? 这对双胞胎中的一个非常活跃，另一个怎么样？
公式 061
What+do/does + 主语 + look like?
—What does Clark look like? 克拉克长什么样？—He is tall and has brown hair. 他很高，有棕色的头发。 —What does your manager look like? 你们经理长什么样？—She has big eyes and a small mouth. 她有一双大眼睛和一张小嘴。 What do your parents look like? 你父母长什么样？ 双胞胎中的一个很活跃，另一个怎么样？ What's the weather like in your city this time of year? 你们城市每年这个时候天气怎么样？
公式 062
What do you think of…?
What do you think of our new English teacher? 你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样？ What do you think of the film we saw yesterday? 你觉得我们昨天看的那部电影怎么样？ What do you think of this lap top? 你觉得这台笔记本电脑怎么样？
公式 063
What about…?
What about the two of us having a coffee? 咱们两个去喝杯咖啡怎么样？ —What time shall we meet tomorrow? 咱们明天什么时候见面？—What about 11 o'clock? 11 点怎么样？ What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样？ What about the matter the other day? 前天的那件事怎么样了？ What about the weather in your hometown? 你家乡的天气怎么样？
公式 064
There were about six hundred students in the schoolbuilding during the earthquake. 地震时教学楼里大约有 600 名学生。 It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand people homeless. 据报道，这次洪水使得大约 2,000 人无家可归。 —How many copies did the book sell? 这本书卖了多少册？—More than four million copies. 400 多万册。
公式 065
She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 她去书店买了几十本书。 Scores of victims received head injuries. 很多受害者头部受伤。 Thousands of people were reported to be killed or wounded. 据报道有成千上万人被杀或受伤。 We planted hundreds of trees yesterday. 我们昨天种了数百棵树。 Basketball is so popular a game in the world that millions of people play it for fun and exercise. 篮球在世界上是一项很受欢迎的运动，数百万人打篮球来娱乐和锻炼。
公式 066
分钟数 + past/after + 小时（分钟数是超过整时数 30 分钟内的）
five past/after nine 9:05 twenty past/after nine 9:20 a quarter past /after nine 9:15 half past nine 9:30
公式 067
分钟数 + to + 小时
five to ten 9:55 ten to eleven 10:50 a quarter to ten 9:45
公式 068
基数词 + years old
I'm twelve years old. I had a special party on my twelfth birthday last Sunday. 我 12 岁了，上周日我 12 岁生日那天举办了一场特殊的派对。 He is eighteen years old. It's time to live on his own. 他 18 岁了，是开始独立生活的时候了。
公式 069
at + 基数词
At forty, he became the general manager of the company. 他 40 岁时，成了公司的总经理。 He was struck down by cancer at thirty. 他 30 岁时死于癌症。 She started writing music at four. 她在四岁的时候就开始谱写曲子了。
公式 070
He is an old man aged eighty. 他是一位 80 岁的老人。 There is a boy aged twelve. 有一个 12 岁的男孩。
公式 071
in one's + 整十数的复数形式
When he was in his twenties, he became a very famous poet. 二十多岁的时候，他成了一位非常有名的诗人。 My mother became a professor in her thirties. 我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。
公式 072
in the + 年份 +-s/-'s
This kind of hairstyle was very popular in the 1990s/1990's. 这种发型在 20 世纪 90 年代非常流行。 In the 1980s/1980's, he began to learn Russian. 在 20 世纪 80 年代，他开始学俄语。
公式 073
倍数 + as + 原级 + as…
The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one. 正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育场将是现在这个的三倍大。 It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说现在这个发电厂是过去的两倍大。 Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much as his. 彼得的夹克看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是杰克的两倍。
公式 074
倍数 + the + 名词 + of…
This street is twice/double the width of that one. 这条大街是那条的两倍宽。 I am almost three times the age of yours. 我的年龄几乎是你的三倍。 Exactly speaking, this room is three times the size of that one. 准确地说，这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。
公式 075
倍数 + what 从句
The value of the house now is double what it was. 现在这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。 People's average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago. 人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。 The city's population is more than six times what it was in 1972. 这个城市的人口是 1972 年的六倍多。
公式 076
倍数 + 比较级 + than…
This room is twice larger than yours. 这个房间是你们那间的两倍大。 Sound travels four times faster in water than in air. 声音在水中的传播速度是在空气中的四倍。
公式 077
比较级 + than…+by + 倍数
This line is longer than that one by twice. 这条线是那条线的两倍长。 The population of China is larger than that of the US by four times. 中国人口是美国人口的四倍。
公式 078
She lives on the second floor. 她住在二楼。 In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。
公式 079
in + 表示时间段的名词
in the evening 在晚上 in the morning 在上午 in a day 一天内 in August 在 8 月 in spring 在春天 in 2012 在 2012 年 He will be back in a week. 他一周后回来。
公式 080
at + 表示时间点的名词
at six o'clock 在 6 点 at noon 在中午 at that time 在那时候 at the moment 目前，此刻 at the beginning of this month 在这个月初 at the end of the holiday 在假期末
公式 081
on + 表示具体时间的名词
on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的早上 on February 15, 1997 在 1997 年 2 月 15 日 on a rainy night of August 在 8 月的一个雨夜 Mr Hu received a card on Teachers' Day. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 He invited me to a dance after the show on Christmas Eve. 在平安夜表演之后他邀请我去跳舞。
公式 082
for + 表示时间段的名词
I have subscribed to that magazine for three years. 我订阅那种杂志已经三年了。 I subscribed to that magazine for three years. 我曾订阅过那种杂志三年。 I will subscribe to that magazine for three years. 那种杂志我将订阅三年。
公式 083
after + 表示时间段的名词
The old man left home in 1924 and came back after thirty years. 那位老人 1924 年离开家，30 年后才回来。
公式 084
on/in/above/over + 名词
There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。 The birds sang high and clearly in the tree. 鸟儿在树上清脆地高歌。 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层之上飞行。 We live over a small bookstore. 我们住在一家小书店的上面。
公式 085
through/across/past/over + 名词
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. 阳光透过屋顶的窗子照射进来，照亮了整个房间。 He walked across the square to meet her. 他穿过广场去见她。 I drive past a big supermarket to the office every day. 我每天开车去上班时都经过一家大超市。 We must go over the mountain. 我们必须翻过那座山。
公式 086
between/among + 名词
Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves. 一些学生通常在课间听音乐来给自己提提神。 They don't know the differences between wheat, oats and barley. 他们不知道小麦、燕麦和大麦之间的区别。 Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. 在星期五的世界超级模特大赛上，14 个获奖的人中有 4 位是中国模特。
公式 087
except/besides/except for + 名词
The office is open every day except Sundays. 这个办事处除了星期天之外天天都开门。 Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days. 如今一些人选择工作除考虑金钱外还考虑其他因素。 Everything was perfect for the picnic except for the weather. 这次野餐，除天气外，一切都完美。 except，besides 和 except for 的区别：except 后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；besides 后的宾语是被包括在内的；except for 后的宾语是被排除在外的，但被排除的内容与主语所指不是同一类或同一方面。
公式 088
with/by/in + 表示方式、工具的名词
I cut the cake with the knife. 我用刀子把蛋糕切开。 A great man shows his greatness by the way he treats little man. 一个伟大的人是通过他对待小人物的方式显示其伟大。
公式 089
be busy doing sth.
We're busy doing homework after school every day. 我们每天放学后都忙于做作业。 He is busy preparing his report. 他正忙着准备他的报告。
公式 090
have difficulty/trouble doing sth.
He had much difficulty finding my house. 找到我的家他费了很大劲。 I have some trouble working out this problem. 解出这道题我有些困难。 We must stop him going to swim in the river. 我们必须阻止他去河里游泳。 The Great Green Wall will prevent the wind blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻止大风刮走土壤。
公式 092
be + 种类、数量、度量、种族、国籍类名词
We are the same age. 我们年龄一样。 Machines are different types and sizes. 机器有不同的型号和大小。 They are noble race. 他们出身高贵。 常用于该结构的名词有：length 长度、height 高度、depth 深度、width 宽度、age 年龄、blood 血统、nationality 国籍、race 种族、size 大小
公式 093
spend…doing sth.
His brother spends all his free time painting. 他哥哥把所有的空闲时间都用来绘画。 They spent a large amount of money building this bridge. 他们花了一大笔钱修建这座桥。
公式 094
时间段 / 距离
The meeting lasted three hours. 会议持续了三个小时。 He has been staying here all day. 他在这里待了一整天了。
公式 095
介词 + 名词
at school 在上学 at present 目前 by chance 偶然 in a word 总而言之 in danger 处于危险之中 in time 及时 An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to the southern island discovered by chance a long lost antique Greek vase. 一位艺术家最近坐轮渡去南部的这个岛旅行，偶然发现了一个遗失已久的希腊古董花瓶。
公式 096
名词 + 介词
access to 进入…… 的通路 approach to 做…… 的方法 blame for 对…… 的责任 desire for 对…… 的渴望 faith in 对…… 的信仰 interest in 对…… 的兴趣
公式 097
动词 + 介词
agree to 同意 account for 解释，说明 answer for 对…… 负责 ask for 要求 burst into 突然…… 起来 call on 呼吁，号召 Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library for a book about it. 在去参观一个有意思的地方之前，在你当地的图书馆寻找一本相关的书查看一下。
公式 098
形容词 + 介词
absent from 缺席 afraid of 害怕 angry with 生气 aware of 意识到 bad for 对…… 有害 contrary to 与…… 相反 different from 与…… 不同 fit for 适合
公式 099
祈使句 + or/and + 陈述句
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。 Read this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 读这个故事，你会明白不是所有东西都能用钱买到。 Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs or you could have problems. 关闭电脑之前要先关掉所有程序，否则就会出问题。
公式 100
…while…
The spring of Beijing is very dry while that of Kunming is damp. 北京的春天很干燥，然而昆明的春天却很潮湿。 There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails. 无从知晓，为何一个人会有重要的发现而另一个也很聪明的人却失败了。
公式 101
…or…
Do you go to school by bus or on foot? 你是坐公共汽车还是步行去上学？ We're going to the bookstore in John's car. You can come with us or you can meet us there later. 我们将乘约翰的车去书店。你可以和我们一起去，也可以稍后在那里跟我们会面。
公式 102
…but …
It's not easy to change habits, but with awareness and self-control, it is possible. 改变习惯不容易，但是通过意识和自我控制，改变习惯是可能的。 I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her. 我很高兴再次遇见珍妮，但我不想整天跟她待在一起。
公式 103
not…but…
It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself. 人们常说旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。 Not money but teachers are what we need. 我们需要的不是钱，而是老师。
公式 104
both…and…
His daughter is both bright and pretty. 他的女儿既聪明又漂亮。 He can both write songs and compose music. 他既会写歌，又会作曲。 Both my brother and I are outgoing persons. 我弟弟和我都是外向的人。 He's lived in both Britain and America. 他在英国和美国都生活过。
公式 105
either…or…
You can talk with Mr Black either in English or in Chinese. 你可以跟布莱克先生用英文或中文谈话。 Either you accept the decisions or you get out. 要么你接受决定，要么你出去。 Either he or I am to go to the laboratory. 他或者我要到实验室去。
公式 106
not only…but…
He not only read the book, but remembered what he had read. 他不仅看过这本书，而且还记得他看过的内容。 Not only the teacher but the students have given money to us. 不仅这位老师为我们捐了款，而且学生们也捐了款。 Not only does he do his own work well, but he helps others with their work. 他不仅把自己的工作做得好，而且还帮助别人工作。
公式 107
neither…nor…
Neither his parents nor Jack was at home. 杰克和他父母都不在家。 Neither his mother nor his father spoke English. 他的父母都不会说英语。 She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。
公式 108
…as well as…
The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次锦标赛不仅职业选手可以参加，业余选手也可以参加。 The teacher as well as the students wishes for a holiday. 老师和学生们都希望放假。 He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。
公式 109
…, for…
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn. 树叶在飘落，因为已经是秋天了。 I know that you are telling a lie, for you are a little panic. 我知道你在说谎，因为你有点惊慌。 I cannot tell you whether the book is worth reading, for I haven't read it myself. 我无法告诉你这本书是否值得读，因为我自己还没看过。
公式 110
名词 + 表语形容词部分表语形容词作定语时需后置。
He was the only person alive at that moment. 他是那时唯一活着的人。 The girl asleep is his daughter. 这个睡着的女孩是他的女儿。
公式 111
复合不定代词 + 形容词
something interesting 有趣的事情 nothing special 没什么特别的事情 nothing serious 没什么要紧的事情 everything valuable 一切有价值的东西 Could he write something original? 他能写出原创的东西吗？ He provided his son with everything necessary. 他给儿子提供一切需要的东西。
公式 112
名词 + 形容词短语
Australia is a country famous for its beautiful scenery. 澳大利亚是一个以风景秀丽闻名的国家。 I haven't found a job suitable for me. 我还没有找到一份适合我的工作。
公式 113
名词 + 形容词 + and/or + 形容词两个意义相近或相反的形容词用 and，or 等连词连接作定语时，常需要后置。
People in the village, young and old, went to see the film yesterday evening. 这个村子里的老老少少昨天晚上都去看电影了。 The girl, wise and diligent, won first prize in an international maths competition. 这个聪明勤奋的女孩在一次国际数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。 Power stations, large or small, have been set up all over the country. 大大小小的发电站都已经在全国各地建立起来了。
公式 114
名词 + 基数词 + 时间、度量类名词 + 形容词“基数词 + 时间、度量类名词 + 形容词” 作定语修饰名词时要后置。
Yesterday, a Mr Brown, thirty years old, came to visit you. 昨天一位 30 岁、叫布朗的先生来拜访过你。 He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high with a narrow entrance. 他在石堆中找到了一个 12 英尺多高、带有狭窄入口的好地方。
公式 115
a tall gray building 一幢灰色的高楼 that square new red box 那个新的红色方形盒子 a dirty old brown shirt 一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫 the other two beautiful small old white French wooden desks 另外两张漂亮的、小的、古老的白色法国木制书桌
公式 116
…as + 形容词原级 + as…
Mary's spoken English is as good as mine. 玛丽的英语口语和我的一样好。 This table is as clean as that one. 这张桌子和那张一样干净。
公式 117
…not as/so + 形容词原级 + as…
She is not as/so happy as she pretends. 她不像她假装得那么高兴。 Jack is not as/so tall as Jimmy. He is not the tallest boy in our class. 杰克不如吉米高，他不是我们班个子最高的男生。 Your cousin is not as/so strong as you. 你表弟不像你这么强壮。 In my opinion, she is not as/so beautiful as you. 在我看来，她不如你漂亮。
公式 118
Sam drank as much coffee as Mary. 萨姆和玛丽喝了同样多的咖啡。 I have as many books as Tom. 我和汤姆的书一样多。
公式 119
…as + 形容词原级 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + as..
He is as nice a boy as Peter. 他和彼得一样都是好孩子。 Miss Green is as strict a teacher as Mr White. 格林小姐和怀特先生一样都是严厉的老师。 Most doctors think that medicine is as much an art as it is a science. 多数医生认为医学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。
公式 120
… 形容词比较级 + than…
Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three. 第四课比第三课难。 Travelling by train is more comfortable than travelling by bus. 坐火车旅行比坐公共汽车舒服。 There are more flowers in summer than in winter. 夏天的花比冬天多。 Your house is bigger than mine. 你的房子比我的大。
公式 121
…not + 形容词比较级 + than…
I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。 His French is not better than yours. 他的法语不比你的好。
公式 122
…no + 形容词比较级 + than…
I am no taller than you. 我和你一样都不高。 His French is no better than yours. 他的法语和你的一样差。 She is no more than seven years old. 她仅有七岁。
公式 123
… 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级…
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 电脑越来越便宜了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美。 She became more and more interested in American literature. 她对美国文学变得越来越感兴趣了。 As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。
公式 124
the + 形容词比较级…, the + 形容词比较级…
The more friends you have, the happier you will be. 你的朋友越多，你就会越开心。 The shorter the speech is, the better it is. 演讲越短越好。 The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. 问题越难，我们就应越仔细。
公式 125
… 表示程度等的词 + 形容词比较级 + than…（表示程度等的词用以说明两者相比时的差距）
—John, is Henry your twin brother? 约翰，亨利是你的双胞胎哥哥吗？—Oh, yes. He is twenty minutes older than me. 哦，是的。他比我早出生 20 分钟。 You are an inch taller than him. 你比他高一英寸。
公式 126
…the + 形容词比较级 + one/of the two…
Of the two sisters, Betty is the younger one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. 两姐妹中，贝蒂是较小的一个，也是爱安静的那个。 The taller of the two is my brother. 两个当中较高的那个是我弟弟。 —Which one of those two houses would you buy? 那两套房子你会买哪一套？—I would buy the larger one, because I have a big family. 我会买那套大一点的，因为我家人多。
公式 127
Which is + 形容词比较级，…or…?
This mobile phone is superior to the one Lucy bought. 这部手机比露西买的那部要好。 This photo is inferior to that one. 这张照片比那张差。