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肠道比你想象的更重要
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隐藏的“第二大脑”:肠脑轴
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肠道菌群失衡:多种慢病的“导火索”
这些饮食习惯
正在摧毁肠道健康
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爱吃高脂食物
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喜欢高糖饮食
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精碳水、低纤维饮食
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4
暴饮暴食与节食
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重塑肠道健康,建议这样做
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拥抱“肠道友好型”饮食模式
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每日补够膳食纤维
–主食:用燕麦、糙米、薯类、藜麦、全麦面包替代部分精白米面。
–蔬菜:保证每天至少摄入 300~500 克不同颜色的蔬菜,尤其是深色蔬菜(比如菠菜、西兰花、胡萝卜、紫甘蓝)。
–水果:选择完整的水果而非果汁,不仅能避免血糖明显波动,还能获得更多的膳食纤维。
–豆类和坚果:将鹰嘴豆、扁豆、黑豆、芸豆、红豆等放入米饭中做杂豆饭,每天一小把原味坚果作为零食。
参考文献
[1]Gracie, D. J., Hamlin, P. J., & Ford, A. C. (2019). The influence of the brain–gut axis in inflammatory bowel disease and possible implications for treatment. The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology, 4(8), 632-642.
[2] Yano, J. M., Yu, K., Donaldson, G. P., et al. (2015). Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis. Cell, 161(2), 264-276.
[3]Cryan, John F et al. “The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.” Physiological reviews vol. 99,4 (2019): 1877-2013. doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018
[4]https://www./articles/nature11450
[5]Mu, Qinghui et al. “Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases.” Frontiers in immunology vol. 8 598. 23 May. 2017, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598
[6]Wang, Zeneng et al. “Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.” Nature vol. 472,7341 (2011): 57-63. doi:10.1038/nature09922
[7]Sjögren, Klara et al. “The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice.” Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research vol. 27,6 (2012): 1357-67. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1588
[8]Zhaoxi Liu, Meihua Liu, Jing Meng, Lushan Wang, Min Chen,A review of the interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on associated disease,Journal of Future Foods,Volume 4, Issue 3,2024,Pages 221-232,ISSN 2772-5669,https:///10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.07.004.
[9]Laffin, M., Fedorak, R., Zalasky, A. et al. A high-sugar diet rapidly enhances susceptibility to colitis via depletion of luminal short-chain fatty acids in mice. Sci Rep 9, 12294 (2019).
[10]Association of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes With Gut Microbial Diversity: A Microbiome-Wide Analysis From Population Studies 07-29.
[11] Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., & Bäckhed, F. (2016). From dietary fiber to host physiology: a meta-organismal perspective. Cell, 165(6), 1332-1345.
[12]Huart, Justine et al. “Gut Microbiota and Fecal Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differ Upon 24-Hour Blood Pressure Levels in Men.” Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) vol. 74,4 (2019): 1005-1013. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12588
[13] 中国营养学会. (2023). 中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量2023版. 人民卫生出版社.
[14]von Schwartzenberg, Reiner Jumpertz et al. “Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance.” Nature vol. 595,7866 (2021): 272-277. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03663-4
[15]Whelan, Kevin et al. “Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease.” Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology vol. 21,6 (2024): 406-427. doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5
策划制作
作者丨薛庆鑫 注册营养师、中国营养学会会员
审核丨阮光锋 科信食品与健康信息交流中心副主任、中华预防医学会健康传播分会委员
策划丨张林林
责编丨甄曦
审校丨徐来、张林林
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