微精选

定语从句是英语语法中既让人爱又让人恨的复杂结构。它能为句子增添丰富细节，但也常带来理解障碍。以下是关键点解析：

1. 爱的理由

• 信息扩充：用which/that将两个简单句合并
  The book is fascinating. + I bought it yesterday.
  → The book (that) I bought yesterday is fascinating.

• 描述精准：who/whose实现指代
  The scientist who discovered penicillin won the Nobel.
  The artist whose works we admired is holding an exhibition.

1. 恨的根源

• 指代混淆：多个先行词导致歧义
  She introduced the CEO to the investor that graduated from Harvard. (谁毕业于哈佛？)

• 省略陷阱：口语中省略关系代词可能造成误解
  The movie (that) we watched was thrilling. (that可省略)
  但介词后不可省略：This is the house in which I grew up.

1. 特殊难点

• 非限制性从句：用逗号隔开，which指代前句
  He passed the bar exam, which surprised everyone.

• 介词前置：正式文体中将介词提前
  This is the problem to which we should pay attention.

1. 学习建议
   ① 先判断是否需要定语(限定性vs非限定性)
   ② 选择正确关系词(指人/物/所有格)
   ③ 注意从句动词单复数与先行词一致

掌握定语从句能使表达更地道，但需警惕过度使用导致的’嵌套句’问题。通过大量阅读培养语感，逐步驾驭这一重要语法结构。