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数字化转型已影响到生活的诸多领域，对农业领域而言也意义重大。为让农民、环境和消费者能平等享有数字化带来的潜力，德国联邦食品和农业部（BMEL）积极推广农业领域数字化技术与解决方案的应用，并助力构建必要的支持性框架，详见报告。

注：第一部分为中文文章，第二部分为英文文章，第三部分为分段译注文章

中文文章：

农业数字化：把握机遇，降低风险

Digitalisation in Agriculture: Seizing opportunities – minimising risks

来源：Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture

“数字化”这个术语包含双重含义。其一，指将信息从模拟存储转换为数字存储的过程；其二，通过整合数字技术、信息与人力实现流程和商业模式的自动化。

如今，数字应用不仅能优化单个流程环节，更能实现整个价值链的优化。数字化转型已渗透社会各领域和产业，催生出全新的商业模式。在农业领域，它同样能帮助收集、处理并系统分析日益增长的数据量。

农业领域的特点

农业领域需生产足量的高品质食品或食品初级产品。在此过程中，它会受到诸多因素影响。例如，生产方式和产量取决于土壤条件、天气状况以及当地水资源可利用量。气候变化、农产品及农业投入品市场的发展，均会对农业产生影响。

另一方面，农业领域也会反作用于这些因素。农民需要及早高效规划并实施可能持续数周、数月甚至数年的生产流程，而设备和机械中的数字化技术为这些流程的落地提供了支持。

通常情况下，拖拉机是至关重要的牵引动力和能量来源，各类农具均需依附其运行。“精准农业” 与 “智能农业” 涵盖了不同的技术发展成果，这些技术已在实践中经过二十余年的测试与应用。养殖户同样会使用自动化系统，例如在健康监测、饲喂、挤奶和粪便清理等领域。

数据来源

数字化技术大多以信息（即数据）的定向处理为核心，主要包括两类数据：

1. 农场管理数据

2. 公开收集（或通过公共采购收集）的数据

农业企业数据包括农田坐标、农业投入品的采购与使用情况，以及农业生产过程中的流程数据。例如，农药和化肥的施用情况及其特性、土壤耕作信息，还有农业机械收集的其他相关数据。

公开收集的数据主要包括通过卫星获取的数据，如天气状况、土壤条件和土壤湿度等。此外，各州的地籍数据也具有重要意义。

数据主权

通常而言，农民只有在能获得利益的情况下，才愿意分享其数据。

农业机械行业以及上下游产业同样对农业数据感兴趣。例如，这些数据可帮助企业更好地调整产品以适应本地耕作条件，并以盈利方式将产品推向市场。

举例来说，借助农民提供的数据，农业设备生产商的机械售后服务可得到显著改善，这对双方均有益处。但这一过程已引发了有关数据主权的问题。

各州主管部门基于特定法律依据收集的某些数据（如出于数据保护原因），无法轻易对外提供。其他数据（尤其是非个人数据）则会作为政府数据，以免费或收费形式公开。

考虑到数据保护相关规定，联邦政府普遍倾向于免费共享政府数据、研究数据或统计数据，因为扩大这些数据的使用范围可创造更高的附加值。根据联邦政府的开放数据政策，联邦行政部门的数据将依据《电子政务法》的规定，通过公共网络免费提供查询。

在数据的收集、共享和使用方面，有时会出现利益冲突，这可能需要通过公共合同来规范相关法律权责（即数据法）。

在各州的行政管理工作中，此类情况包括对公共资金分配申请文件的审核，以及相关监管与监测工作。

因此，公共部门必须跟进这一发展趋势，并在适当时机通过提供支持和执行监管法规的方式发挥影响力。在实际应用层面，例如多位农民共同使用一台机械时（如在所谓的机械联合组织、机械合作社或承包商场景中），可能会引发法律问题。这涉及到谁有权使用这台联合使用机械所收集的数据的相关规定。

从更高层面来看，欧盟委员会计划制定该领域的数据管理规则。因此，在构建法律框架和开展行政管理工作方面，联邦政府和各州也将日益受到农业数字化的影响。

本文件提供了有关现有最佳技术的背景信息，包括机遇与风险的相关案例，以及联邦食品和农业部以往的相关举措。基于这些信息，文件还将概述联邦食品和农业部计划采取的后续步骤。

注：在公众号首页回复”双语前沿”，即可获取《Digitalisation in Agriculture: Seizing opportunities – minimising risks》完整32页报告。

操作如图所示：

英文文章：（827 Words）

Digitalisation in Agriculture: Seizing opportunities – minimising risks

From: Federal Ministryof Foodand Agriculture

There are two meanings of the term digitalisation. On the one hand, the term digitalisation is to be understood as converting information from analogue to digital storage. On the other, it describes the automation of processes and business models by interlinking digital technologies, information, and people. 

At present, digital applications can help to not only optimise individual process stages, but indeed whole value chains. The digital transformation applies to all spheres of society and industries and enables the creation of new business models. In the agricultural sector, too, it helps to collect, process and systematically analyse ever-growing data volumes.

Characteristics of the agricultural sector 

The agricultural sector is expected to produce high-quality foodstuffs or primary products for foods in sufficient quantities. In this context, it is subject to many influencing factors. For example, the method of production and yields depend on soil conditions, the weather, and on-site water availability. Climate change and the development of markets for agricultural products and inputs have implications for the farming industry. 

The farming sector, on the other hand, also has an impact on these factors. At an early stage, farmers need to efficiently plan and implement production processes that might take weeks, months and even years. Digital technologies in equipment and machines help them implement these processes. 

As a rule, tractors are used as vital traction engines and energy source to which the implements are attached. The terms ‘precision farming’ and ‘smart farming’ cover different technological developments, which have been tested and used in practice for more than two decades. Livestock farmers also use automated systems, for example in the fields of health surveillance, feeding, milking, and manure removal. 

Source of data 

Digital technologies are mostly geared to the targeted processing of information and hence data. They essentially include: 

1. Farm management data and 

2. data collected publicly (or by public procurement). 

Agricultural enterprises’ data includes, for instance, the coordinates of the agricultural land, the purchasing and use of inputs as well as process data from the agricultural production process. This includes, for instance, the application of pesticides and fertilisers and their properties, soil tillage, and other data obtained by farm machinery.

The data collected publicly primarily includes data that has been collected via satellite. This includes, for example, weather conditions, soil condition, and soil moisture. In addition to that, cadastral data in the Länder are also of major importance.

Data sovereignty 

As a rule, farmers only have an interest in sharing their data if they gain an advantage. 

The farm machinery industry and the upstream and downstream sectors are also interested in agricultural data. This data serves, for instance, to better adapt products to local farming conditions and to establish them on the market in a profitable manner. 

For instance, the machine service of an agricultural equipment producer can be considerably improved thanks to the data made available by farmers, which can benefit both sides. However, this already raises questions regarding data sovereignty. 

Länder authorities cannot easily make available certain data collected on specific legal grounds, for example for data protection reasons. Other data, in particular non-personal data, is made available as government data either free of charge or for a fee. 

Taking into account data protection provisions, the Federal Government has a general interest in sharing government data, but also research data or statistical data free of charge since higher added value can be generated by extending their use. Under the Federal Government’s open data policy, data of the federal administration is made available free of charge for data retrieval via public networks in accordance with the provisions of the E-government Act. 

With respect to the collection, sharing and use of data, in some cases this leads to competing interests which may possibly result in a public contract for legal influence (data law). 

Within the context of the Länder’s administrative tasks, examples include the review of application documents for the allocation of public funds, as well as control and monitoring.

The public sector must therefore follow up on this development and — where appropriate — exert its influence by providing support and enforcing regulatory law. On a very practical level, for instance, legal issues can arise from the simultaneous use of a single machine by several farmers (e.g. in the context of so-called machinery syndicates2 , machinery cooperatives or contractors). This involves rules on who is allowed to use what data collected by this jointly used machine. 

From a higher-level perspective, the EU Commission plans to adopt rules on data management in this field. As a result, the Federal Government and the Länder will be increasingly affected by digitalisation in the agricultural sector, too, in terms of establishing legal frameworks and administrative action. 

This document provides background information on best available technologies, including examples of opportunities and risks and of previous BMEL activities. The next steps planned by the BMEL will be outlined on the basis of this information.

分段译注文章：

Digitalisation in Agriculture: Seizing opportunities – minimising risks

From: Federal Ministryof Foodand Agriculture

There are two meanings of the term digitalisation. On the one hand, the term digitalisation is to be understood as converting information from analogue to digital storage. On the other, it describes the automation of processes and business models by interlinking digital technologies, information, and people. 

“数字化”这个术语包含双重含义。其一，指将信息从模拟存储转换为数字存储的过程；其二，通过整合数字技术、信息与人力实现流程和商业模式的自动化。

※ digitalisation ※

Digitalisation 英/ˌdɪdʒɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 美/ˌdɪdʒɪtələˈzeɪʃn/

n. 数字化；数码化

【例句】

Digitalisation of cadastral maps accelerates land-allocation decisions.

地籍图的数字化加快了土地分配决策。

As a rule, farm machinery procurement now includes digitalisation packages.

通常，农机采购现今包含数字化方案。

At present, digital applications can help to not only optimise individual process stages, but indeed whole value chains. The digital transformation applies to all spheres of society and industries and enables the creation of new business models. In the agricultural sector, too, it helps to collect, process and systematically analyse ever-growing data volumes.

如今，数字应用不仅能优化单个流程环节，更能实现整个价值链的优化。数字化转型已渗透社会各领域和产业，催生出全新的商业模式。在农业领域，它同样能帮助收集、处理并系统分析日益增长的数据量。

※ all spheres of ※

All spheres of  /ɔːl sfɪəz əv/

phr. 各个领域；各个层面

【例句】

Digitalisation is penetrating all spheres of agriculture, from tillage to market surveillance.

数字化正渗透到从耕作到市场监督的农业各个领域。

All spheres of public life are being geared to data-driven governance.

公共生活的各个领域都在转向数据驱动的治理。

Characteristics of the agricultural sector 

农业领域的特点

The agricultural sector is expected to produce high-quality foodstuffs or primary products for foods in sufficient quantities. In this context, it is subject to many influencing factors. For example, the method of production and yields depend on soil conditions, the weather, and on-site water availability. Climate change and the development of markets for agricultural products and inputs have implications for the farming industry. 

农业领域需生产足量的高品质食品或食品初级产品。在此过程中，它会受到诸多因素影响。例如，生产方式和产量取决于土壤条件、天气状况以及当地水资源可利用量。气候变化、农产品及农业投入品市场的发展，均会对农业产生影响。

※ in this context ※

In this context  /ɪn ðɪs ˈkɒntekst/

phr. 在此背景下；就此而言

【例句】

In this context, simultaneous retrieval of cadastral and tillage data becomes crucial.

在此背景下，同时检索地籍与耕作数据变得关键。

Sovereignty issues are re-examined in this context of cross-border digitalisation.

在此跨境数字化的背景下，主权问题被重新审视。

The farming sector, on the other hand, also has an impact on these factors. At an early stage, farmers need to efficiently plan and implement production processes that might take weeks, months and even years. Digital technologies in equipment and machines help them implement these processes. 

另一方面，农业领域也会反作用于这些因素。农民需要及早高效规划并实施可能持续数周、数月甚至数年的生产流程，而设备和机械中的数字化技术为这些流程的落地提供了支持。

As a rule, tractors are used as vital traction engines and energy source to which the implements are attached. The terms ‘precision farming’ and ‘smart farming’ cover different technological developments, which have been tested and used in practice for more than two decades. Livestock farmers also use automated systems, for example in the fields of health surveillance, feeding, milking, and manure removal. 

通常情况下，拖拉机是至关重要的牵引动力和能量来源，各类农具均需依附其运行。“精准农业” 与 “智能农业” 涵盖了不同的技术发展成果，这些技术已在实践中经过二十余年的测试与应用。养殖户同样会使用自动化系统，例如在健康监测、饲喂、挤奶和粪便清理等领域。

※ as a rule ※

As a rule  /æz ə ruːl/

phr. 通常；一般而言

【例句】

As a rule, digitalisation projects start with cadastral digitisation before land allocation reforms.

通常，数字化项目先于土地分配改革从地籍数字化起步。

As a rule, procurement officers employ an array of digital tools for surveillance.

通常，采购官员使用一系列数字工具进行监督。

※ surveillance ※

Surveillance 英/sɜːˈveɪləns/ 美/sɜːrˈveɪləns/

n. 监督；监视

【例句】

Satellite-based surveillance tracks tillage practices across vast cadastral units.

基于卫星的监督追踪广阔地籍单元内的耕作做法。

Digitalisation enables real-time surveillance of input allocation to fields.

数字化使对田地投入分配的实时监督成为可能。

Source of data 

数据来源

Digital technologies are mostly geared to the targeted processing of information and hence data. They essentially include: 

数字化技术大多以信息（即数据）的定向处理为核心，主要包括两类数据：

※ be geared to ※

Be geared to  /bi ɡɪəd tuː/

phr. 调整为；适合于

【例句】

The new platform is geared to simultaneous cadastral updates during procurement.

新平台调整为在采购期间同时更新地籍。

Training programs must be geared to all spheres of digitalisation, not just IT staff.

培训计划必须适合数字化的各个领域，而不仅是IT人员。

1. Farm management data and 

1. 农场管理数据

2. data collected publicly (or by public procurement). 

2. 公开收集（或通过公共采购收集）的数据

※ procurement ※

Procurement 英/prəˈkjʊəmənt/ 美/prəˈkjʊrmənt/

n. 采购；获得

【例句】

Transparent procurement reduces costs and strengthens sovereignty over public spending.

透明采购降低成本并加强对公共支出的主权控制。

Digitalisation of procurement allows real-time retrieval of supplier quotations.

采购的数字化允许实时检索供应商报价。

Agricultural enterprises’ data includes, for instance, the coordinates of the agricultural land, the purchasing and use of inputs as well as process data from the agricultural production process. This includes, for instance, the application of pesticides and fertilisers and their properties, soil tillage, and other data obtained by farm machinery.

农业企业数据包括农田坐标、农业投入品的采购与使用情况，以及农业生产过程中的流程数据。例如，农药和化肥的施用情况及其特性、土壤耕作信息，还有农业机械收集的其他相关数据。

※ tillage ※

Tillage 英/ˈtɪlɪdʒ/ 美/ˈtɪlɪdʒ/

n. 耕作；翻耕

【例句】

Minimum tillage is promoted in this context to curb soil compaction.

在此背景下推广少耕以抑制土壤压实。

Surveillance drones map tillage patterns against cadastral boundaries nightly.

监视无人机每晚对照地籍边界绘制耕作图样。

The data collected publicly primarily includes data that has been collected via satellite. This includes, for example, weather conditions, soil condition, and soil moisture. In addition to that, cadastral data in the Länder are also of major importance.

公开收集的数据主要包括通过卫星获取的数据，如天气状况、土壤条件和土壤湿度等。此外，各州的地籍数据也具有重要意义。

※ cadastral ※

Cadastral 英/kəˈdæstrəl/ 美/kəˈdæstrəl/

adj. 地籍的；土地登记的

【例句】

Cadastral data provide the backbone for land-allocation algorithms.

地籍数据为土地分配算法提供支柱。

As a rule, cadastral updates precede any change in tillage subsidy quotas.

通常，地籍更新先于任何耕作补贴配额变动。

Data sovereignty 

数据主权

As a rule, farmers only have an interest in sharing their data if they gain an advantage. 

通常而言，农民只有在能获得利益的情况下，才愿意分享其数据。

The farm machinery industry and the upstream and downstream sectors are also interested in agricultural data. This data serves, for instance, to better adapt products to local farming conditions and to establish them on the market in a profitable manner. 

农业机械行业以及上下游产业同样对农业数据感兴趣。例如，这些数据可帮助企业更好地调整产品以适应本地耕作条件，并以盈利方式将产品推向市场。

For instance, the machine service of an agricultural equipment producer can be considerably improved thanks to the data made available by farmers, which can benefit both sides. However, this already raises questions regarding data sovereignty. 

举例来说，借助农民提供的数据，农业设备生产商的机械售后服务可得到显著改善，这对双方均有益处。但这一过程已引发了有关数据主权的问题。

※ sovereignty ※

Sovereignty 英/ˈsɒvrənti/ 美/ˈsɑːvrənti/

n. 主权；主权国家

【例句】

Digitalisation of land records is seen as an exercise in data sovereignty.

土地记录的数字化被视为数据主权的体现。

Sovereignty concerns arise when foreign servers store cadastral information.

当外国服务器存储地籍信息时，主权关切随之出现。

Länder authorities cannot easily make available certain data collected on specific legal grounds, for example for data protection reasons. Other data, in particular non-personal data, is made available as government data either free of charge or for a fee. 

各州主管部门基于特定法律依据收集的某些数据（如出于数据保护原因），无法轻易对外提供。其他数据（尤其是非个人数据）则会作为政府数据，以免费或收费形式公开。

Taking into account data protection provisions, the Federal Government has a general interest in sharing government data, but also research data or statistical data free of charge since higher added value can be generated by extending their use. Under the Federal Government’s open data policy, data of the federal administration is made available free of charge for data retrieval via public networks in accordance with the provisions of the E-government Act. 

考虑到数据保护相关规定，联邦政府普遍倾向于免费共享政府数据、研究数据或统计数据，因为扩大这些数据的使用范围可创造更高的附加值。根据联邦政府的开放数据政策，联邦行政部门的数据将依据《电子政务法》的规定，通过公共网络免费提供查询。

※ retrieval ※

Retrieval 英/rɪˈtriːvl/ 美/rɪˈtriːvl/

n. 检索；收回

【例句】

Rapid retrieval of tillage history helps auditors verify subsidy compliance.

快速检索耕作历史帮助审计员验证补贴合规性。

Cloud-based retrieval ensures simultaneous access to updated cadastral maps.

云端检索确保同时获取最新地籍图。

With respect to the collection, sharing and use of data, in some cases this leads to competing interests which may possibly result in a public contract for legal influence (data law). 

在数据的收集、共享和使用方面，有时会出现利益冲突，这可能需要通过公共合同来规范相关法律权责（即数据法）。

Within the context of the Länder’s administrative tasks, examples include the review of application documents for the allocation of public funds, as well as control and monitoring.

在各州的行政管理工作中，此类情况包括对公共资金分配申请文件的审核，以及相关监管与监测工作。

※ allocation ※

Allocation 英/ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/ 美/ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/

n. 分配；配置

【例句】

Transparent allocation of water quotas is geared to real-time surveillance data.

水配额的透明分配依据实时监督数据。

In this context, fair land allocation strengthens rural sovereignty and reduces conflict.

在此背景下，公平的土地分配加强农村主权并减少冲突。

The public sector must therefore follow up on this development and — where appropriate — exert its influence by providing support and enforcing regulatory law. On a very practical level, for instance, legal issues can arise from the simultaneous use of a single machine by several farmers (e.g. in the context of so-called machinery syndicates2 , machinery cooperatives or contractors). This involves rules on who is allowed to use what data collected by this jointly used machine. 

因此，公共部门必须跟进这一发展趋势，并在适当时机通过提供支持和执行监管法规的方式发挥影响力。在实际应用层面，例如多位农民共同使用一台机械时（如在所谓的机械联合组织、机械合作社或承包商场景中），可能会引发法律问题。这涉及到谁有权使用这台联合使用机械所收集的数据的相关规定。

※ simultaneous ※

Simultaneous 英/ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəs/ 美/ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəs/

adj. 同时的；同步的

【例句】

Simultaneous updating of cadastral and tillage databases cuts administrative lag.

地籍与耕作数据库的同时更新削减行政滞后。

As a rule, simultaneous retrieval and allocation require robust digitalisation infrastructure.

通常，同步检索与分配需要强大的数字化基础设施。

From a higher-level perspective, the EU Commission plans to adopt rules on data management in this field. As a result, the Federal Government and the Länder will be increasingly affected by digitalisation in the agricultural sector, too, in terms of establishing legal frameworks and administrative action. 

从更高层面来看，欧盟委员会计划制定该领域的数据管理规则。因此，在构建法律框架和开展行政管理工作方面，联邦政府和各州也将日益受到农业数字化的影响。

This document provides background information on best available technologies, including examples of opportunities and risks and of previous BMEL activities. The next steps planned by the BMEL will be outlined on the basis of this information.

本文件提供了有关现有最佳技术的背景信息，包括机遇与风险的相关案例，以及联邦食品和农业部以往的相关举措。基于这些信息，文件还将概述联邦食品和农业部计划采取的后续步骤。

– 词汇盘点 –

digitalisation、all spheres of、in this context、as a rule、surveillance、be geared to、procurement、tillage、cadastral、sovereignty、retrieval、allocation、simultaneous