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数字人文视角下的唐代边塞诗人边塞地理意象研究

A RESEARCH ON THE BORDERLAND GEOGRAPHIC IMAGERY OF TANG DYNASTY FRONTIER POETS FROM THE PRESPECTIVE OF DIGITAL HUMANITIES

唐代边塞地区自然景观环境丰富，具有独特的美学与生态意义。边塞景观作为地区文化的核心载体，饱含着唐代边塞地区的地理景观信息。本研究基于数字人文研究的“空间转向”背景，聚焦于唐代边塞诗歌作为探讨现实地理空间与景观意象关系的研究对象。现有文献多侧重于地理环境对景观意象的影响，却较少考虑景观意象创作者的主观能动性。本研究立足于边塞诗人的视角，深入分析地理意象的感知过程，结合相关理论，提出了唐代边塞诗歌地理意象的感知机制。

在唐代边塞诗歌中，地理意象与唐王朝的兴衰，尤其是政治与军事状况密不可分。这些地理意象是对国家现实的艺术化表达，背后隐含着对唐王朝国力、对外战争和民族交往的隐喻，展现了边塞诗人对边疆地区的深刻认知。唐代边塞诗人通过个人经历描绘地理意象，参与对外战争及边疆治理使其获得对北方边疆的地理感知。诗人在特定地区的经历越丰富，对该地区的地理意象构建也越清晰。地理意象创作呈现群体性效应，具有高文学造诣、交际能力和政治地位的诗人在创作中起主导作用，通过文学交往影响其他诗人的地理意象感知。

唐代边塞诗歌中的地理意象创作存在两种不同的机制。有出塞经历的诗人根据自身经历构建地理意象，而没有出塞经历的诗人则通过与有经验者的交流获取间接感知。虽然这种间接感知可能存在信息丢失和错位，但仍能激发未出塞诗人的创作热情。本研究的发现为理解唐代边塞诗歌中地理意象的生成提供了新视角，强调了诗人个人经历和群体性交往对地理意象创作的重要性。这对于深入探讨唐代文学与地理空间关系、以及理解诗歌创作中主体性和群体性的互动具有启示意义。

During the Tang dynasty, the border regions were rich in natural landscapes, holding unique aesthetic and ecological significance. The frontier landscapes, as the core carriers of regional culture, are imbued with geographical landscape information specific to the Tang dynasty border regions. This study, situated within the framework of the ‘spatial turn’ in digital humanities research, focuses on Tang dynasty frontier poetry as a subject for exploring the relationship between real geographical space and landscape imagery. Existing literature often emphasizes the impact of the geographical environment on landscape imagery but tends to overlook the subjective agency of the creators of such imagery. Grounded in the perspective of frontier poets, this study delves into the perceptual process of geographical imagery, incorporating relevant theories to propose the mechanism of perception of geographical imagery in Tang dynasty frontier poetry.

In Tang dynasty frontier poetry, geographical imagery is intricately linked to the rise and fall of the Tang dynasty, particularly intertwined with political and military conditions. These geographical images serve as artistic expressions of the nation’s reality, carrying implicit metaphors regarding the strength of the Tang dynasty, external warfare, and ethnic interactions, revealing the profound understanding of the border regions by frontier poets. Through personal experiences, Tang dynasty frontier poets depict geographical imagery, engaging in external warfare and border governance to develop a geographical perception of the northern border regions. The richer a poet’s experiences in a specific area, the clearer their construction of geographical imagery for that region becomes. Geographical imagery creation exhibits a collective effect, with poets possessing high literary skills, social abilities, and political status playing a leading role in influencing the geographical imagery perceptions of other poets through literary interactions.

Two distinct mechanisms exist in the creation of geographical imagery in Tang dynasty frontier poetry. Poets with frontier experiences construct geographical imagery based on their own encounters, while those without such experiences gain indirect perceptions through interactions with experienced individuals. Although this indirect perception may involve information loss and misplacement, it still ignites the creative passion of poets who have not experienced the frontier. The findings of this study offer a new perspective on understanding the generation of geographical imagery in Tang dynasty frontier poetry, highlighting the significance of poets’ personal experiences and collective interactions in the creation of geographical imagery. This contributes to a deeper exploration of the relationship between Tang dynasty literature and geographical space, as well as understanding the interplay of individual and collective elements in poetic creation.

图1 不同历史时期的地理意象词云

图2 不同历史时期的地理意象网络结构弦图