MARPOL Equipment
防污设备
Bilge Oil Separator
舱底油水分离器
Oil /Water Interface Detector
油/水界面探测器
Oil Content / Bilge Alarm Monitor
油份/舱底水报警监测仪
Sewage Treatment Plant and Incinerator
生活污水处理装置与焚烧炉
Delivery of MARPOL waste and Onboard Maintenance check list
MARPOL废弃物交付与船上维护检查清单
Bilge Oil Separator
舱底油水分离器
Bilge oil separators control the discharge of oil overboard when bilges are being pumped out from the engine room, as required by Annex I. Discharge of oily water into the sea is permitted through an oil discharge monitoring and control system together with oil filtering equipment.
根据附则I要求，舱底油水分离器在机舱泵出舱底水时控制舷外排油。含油污水可通过排油监控系统及油过滤设备排入海中。
The oil filtering equipment ensures that the oil content while discharging bilge water does not exceed 15 ppm. If the oil content exceeds 15 ppm, the bilge water is discharged into the bilge holding tank. The oil residues are collected in a separated oil tank and should either be incinerated or discharged into shore reception tanks in port.
油过滤设备确保排放舱底水时油份浓度不超过15 ppm。若油份浓度超过15 ppm，舱底水将排入舱底水储存柜。油渣收集于独立油柜，并应焚烧或排放至港口接收设施。
Bilge oil separators control the discharge of oil overboard when bilges are being pumped out from the engine room, as required by Annex I. Discharge of oily water into the sea is permitted through an oil discharge monitoring and control system together with oil filtering equipment.
根据附则I要求，舱底油水分离器在机舱舱底水被泵出时控制舷外排油。含油污水可通过排油监控系统及油过滤设备排入海中。
Oil/Water Interface Detector
油/水界面探测器
According to IMO’s resolution of Marine Environment Protection Committee 5 (XIII), oil tankers shall be provided with effective oil/water interface detectors approved by the administration for a rapid and accurate determination of the oil/water interface in slop tanks and shall be available for use in other tanks where the separation of oil and water is effected and from which it is intended to discharge effluent direct to the sea.
根据国际海事组织海洋环境保护委员会第5(XIII)号决议，油轮须配备经主管机关认可的有效油/水界面探测器，用于快速准确测定污油舱中的油/水界面，并可用于其他进行油水分离且拟直接向海中排放污水的舱柜。
What are interface detectors?
什么是界面探测器？
Though both fixed and portable type interface detectors are an important part of cargo operation equipment on ships, the portable ones are more widely used because of the ease of handling and maintenance.
虽然固定式和便携式界面探测器均是船舶货物操作设备的重要组成部分，但便携式因操作和维护简便而更广泛应用。
When at sea, the tanker ship’s dirty ballast water or oil contaminated water from tanks in the cargo area, other than slop tanks, may be discharged by gravity below the waterline, provided sufficient time has elapsed in order to allow proper oil/water separation. Interface detectors are used to examine the ballast water before the discharge to ensure that the height of the interface is safe enough to avoid traces of oil. Interface detectors are also used in various other tanks to monitor the level of oil and water.
在海上，油轮的脏压载水或货舱区域（除污油舱外）的油污染水可在满足充分油水分离时间后，通过重力排放至水线以下。界面探测器用于排放前检查压载水，确保界面高度足够安全以避免含油痕迹。界面探测器还用于其他各类舱柜监控油水界面。
How interface detector work on ships?
界面探测器在船上如何工作？
The interface detector consists of two main parts: Sensor/antenna and display/control system.
界面探测器由两个主要部分组成：传感器/天线和显示/控制系统。
Interface detectors works by measuring the difference in voltages according to the conductivity of water. The interface is detected by a sensor attached to a weight, which is lowered in the tank. By measuring the energy absorption of the fluid surrounding the sensor, the interface detector senses the emulsion regardless of density, viscosity, temperature, pressure or pH.
界面探测器通过根据水的电导率测量电压差来工作。界面由连接重块的传感器检测，该传感器被下放至舱内。通过测量传感器周围流体的能量吸收，界面探测器可感应乳化液，且不受密度、粘度、温度、压力或pH值影响。
Interface detectors are basically a kind of conductive level sensor, which help in point level detection of conductive liquids. They use a low-voltage, current and limited power source, applied across different electrodes. A conductive liquid which contacts both longest and shorter probe completes a conductive circuit. The change in conductivity helps in detecting the oil/water interface.
界面探测器基本是一种导电式液位传感器，用于导电液体的点液位检测。它们采用低电压、电流和有限电源，施加于不同电极。同时接触长探针和短探针的导电液体形成导电回路。电导率的变化有助于检测油/水界面。
IN-TANK INTERFACE DETECTOR
舱内界面探测器
In-Tank measurement of the hydrocarbon/water interface gives the best results for eliminating the discharge of hydrocarbons. Usually, the probes are inserted into the tank through a seal housing, as shown.
舱内碳氢化合物/水界面测量可为消除碳氢化合物排放提供最佳结果。通常，探针通过密封套筒插入舱内，如图所示。
When the probe detects HC free water, the water discharge valve is opened. As water is drained off the bottom of the tank, and the hydrocarbon/water interface begins to drop. When the probe detects the hydrocarbon/water interface, the signal is sent to close the discharge valve.
当探针检测到无碳氢化合物的水时，排水阀打开。随着水从舱底排出，碳氢化合物/水界面开始下降。当探针检测到碳氢化合物/水界面时，发送信号关闭排水阀。
Output options to control the valve can be 4-20 mA, relay and/or pneumatic. Local indicating lights are also fitted. If the hydrocarbon floats, the system will prevent it from being discharged with the waste water.
控制阀门的输出选项可为4-20 mA、继电器和/或气动信号。还配备本地指示灯。若碳氢化合物上浮，系统将防止其随废水排放。
Figure shows an upper probe used for control, with the lower probe used for low-level alarm and positive shutdown of the water discharge valve.
图示上方探针用于控制，下方探针用于低液位报警和排水阀的强制关闭。
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System Control Logic 系统控制逻辑 |
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Hi Probe 高探针检测状态 |
Water 水 |
Oil 油 |
Water or Oil 水或油 |
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Low Probe 低探针检测状态 |
Water 水 |
Water 水 |
Oil 油 |
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Local Indicating Light 本地指示灯状态  |
Water 水 |
Oil 油 |
Alarm 报警状态 |
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Valve Position 阀门位置 |
Open 开启 |
Closed 关闭 |
Closed 关闭 |
Oil Content Monitor/Bilge Alarm Monitor
油份监测仪/舱底水报警监测仪
OWS—Monitoring and Control Unit
油水分离器—监控单元
An Oil content monitor is a device for real time sampling and measuring of the oil content in a moving stream of water. The new IMO/MEPC 107 (49) oil content monitors for oily water separators perform several functions including preventing illegal ‘over limits’ discharges that occur when the oil content is above 15 ppm, by either shutting down the separator or by putting the separator into a recirculation or recycle mode where the oily bilge water is sent back to the oily wastes holding tanks.
油份监测仪是一种用于实时采样和测量流动水stream 中油份含量的设备。新型IMO/MEPC 107(49)油水分离器油份监测仪具有多项功能，包括当油份浓度超过15 ppm时通过关闭分离器或使分离器进入再循环模式（含油舱底水返回含油废物储存柜）来防止非法“超限”排放。
These newer Monitors also have the ability to alarm the operator with audible and visual alerts as well as having dry contacts out that can be wired into a ship’s or oil platforms main controls systems.
这些新型监测仪还能通过声光警报向操作员报警，并具备干触点输出，可连接至船舶或石油平台主控制系统。
A sample of water leaving the OWS is drawn off automatically and passed through a detector cell. A low power, light shines a beam through window in the side of the detector. This is transmitted through the water sample and picked up by a detector on the far side of the cell. Pure water will only have a slight attenuating effect on the beam, whereas, oil will absorb the light, reducing the intensity reaching the detector and causing the oil content monitor to sound the alarm.
离开油水分离器的水样自动抽取并通过检测室。低功耗光源通过检测室侧面的窗口照射光束。光束穿透水样后被检测室远端的探测器接收。纯水仅对光束有轻微衰减作用，而油会吸收光线，降低到达探测器的光强，触发油份监测仪报警。
The TD-107 Fluorescence Oil Content Monitor (OCM) is a 5 ppm or 15 ppm bilge alarm for oily water separators based on fluorescence detection technology. The TO-107 Oil Content Monitor is fully certified by the US Coast Guard for use under IMO MEPC 107(49). Fluorescence makes the TD-107 is immune to interference’s by turbidity or particles/sediments in the bilge which impact competing ‘light scatter’ oil content monitors. Because silt /algae / iron oxide / mud. junk and other particles do not fluoresce at oils wavelength, they cannot interfere as a `false positive’ high alarm that will keep the oily water separator in re-circulation mode without ever pumping down the oily waste holding tanks.
TD-107荧光式油份监测仪(OCM)是基于荧光检测技术的5 ppm或15 ppm舱底水报警器，用于油水分离器。TO-107油份监测仪经美国海岸警卫队全面认证，符合IMO MEPC 107(49)要求。荧光技术使TD-107不受舱底水浊度或颗粒/沉积物的干扰，这些干扰会影响竞争的“光散射”式油份监测仪。因为淤泥/藻类/氧化铁/泥沙等颗粒在油波长下不发光，它们不会造成“误报”高警报，导致油水分离器持续处于再循环模式而无法排空含油废物储存柜。
Sewage Treatment Plant
生活污水处理装置
As per Marpol Annex IV-Regulation for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships regulations the discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except in cases when the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant. There are different types of sewage treatment plants, which are used to discharge biological sewage at sea. Almost all the sewage treatment plants work on the aeration process.
根据MARPOL附则IV《防止船舶生活污水污染规则》，禁止将生活污水排入海中，除非船舶运行经认可的生活污水处理装置。有不同类型的生活污水处理装置用于在海上排放生物污水。几乎所有生活污水处理装置均采用曝气工艺。
The aeration process, also known as the aerobic breakdown process, involves supplying oxygenated air through untreated sewage waste. This oxygenation helps the bacteria to thrive within the sewage waste and break it down into smaller particles. If oxygenated air is not available in the sewage plant, the bacteria cannot survive and this leads to the improper functioning of the sewage plant.
曝气工艺，也称为好氧分解过程，涉及向未处理的污水废物中通入含氧空气。这种氧合作用有助于细菌在污水废物中繁殖并将其分解为更小颗粒。若污水处理装置中无含氧空气，细菌无法存活，导致装置功能失常。
Incinerator
焚烧炉
An incinerator onboard is used to incinerate solid and liquid wastes arising from the operation of the ship. Solid and liquid wastes can originate from domestic waste, cargo associated waste, cargo residue etc.
船用焚烧炉用于焚烧船舶运营产生的固体和液体废物。固体和液体废物可来源于生活废物、货物相关废物、货物残余等。
The design requirement for incinerators should be such that the maximum flue gas temperature should not exceed 1200 degrees centigrade. The minimum flue gas temperature should not be less than 850 degrees centigrade. The preheated temperature of the combustible chamber should be 650 degrees centigrade. For batch loaded incinerators, there are no pre-heating requirements.
焚烧炉的设计要求应为：最高烟气温度不超过1200摄氏度。最低烟气温度不应低于850摄氏度。燃烧室预热温度应为650摄氏度。对于分批装载的焚烧炉，无预热要求。
All incinerators require an IMO type approval certificate. A complete instruction and maintenance manual with drawings, electric diagrams and spare parts list should be furnished with each incinerator.
所有焚烧炉均需IMO型式认可证书。每台焚烧炉应附带完整的操作维护手册，含图纸、电路图和备件清单。
The table given below explains the various measures to reduce the risk of pollution:
下表说明了降低污染风险的各种措施：
Equipment for Oil Spill Detection
溢油检测设备
– Fixed Gas Detecting System (Pump Room and Double Hull Spaces adjacent Cargo Tanks)
固定式气体探测系统（泵舱和毗邻货舱的双层壳空间）
– Pump Room Bilge High Level Alarm
泵舱舱底水高位报警
– Cargo Oil Pump, High Temperature Alarm & Trip System (Casing / Bearing / Bulkhead of Pump Shaft)
货油泵高温报警和跳闸系统（泵壳/轴承/泵轴舱壁）
– CCTV Cameras in the engine room and pollution risk areas
机舱和污染风险区域的闭路电视摄像头
Equipment for Oil Pollution Mitigation
油污减缓设备
– Deck Scupper Plugs with Higher Gutter Coaming on Main Deck
主甲板带较高排水沟围板的甲板排水口塞
– Manifold Spill Tank
歧管溢油舱
– Emergency Stop System of COP
货油泵应急停止系统
– Emergency Shut Down System of manifold Gate Valve
歧管闸阀应急关闭系统
– Emergency Damper of Pump room Exhaust Fan
泵舱排气扇应急风门
– Absorbent Pads and spill kits
吸油垫和溢油应急包