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天京城破之际，洪秀全的亲族命运各异，有的英勇就义，有的隐姓埋名，更有人远渡重洋，在东瀛落地生根。
When Tianjing City was broken, Hong Xiuquan’s relatives had different fates, some were heroic, some were incognito, and some crossed the ocean and took root in Dongying.

1864年7月19日，天京（今南京）城墙在湘军的猛烈炮火下轰然倒塌，这座太平天国的都城终于陷落。此时，太平天国的领袖洪秀全已经病逝一个多月。
On July 19, 1864, the city wall of Tianjing (present-day Nanjing) collapsed under the heavy artillery fire of the Hunan army, and the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom finally fell. At this time, Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, had been ill for more than a month.

但他的尸体仍被清军挖出，经过刀劈斧砍后，最终被放入大炮中化为灰烬。
But his body was still dug up by the Qing army, and after being cut with a knife and axe, it was finally put into a cannon and reduced to ashes.

天京陷落，洪氏亲族  Tianjing fell, and the Hong family was a relative

太平天国失败后，清军对洪秀全的族人进行了残酷的清算。洪秀全的直系亲属大多未能幸免于难。
After the defeat of the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing army brutally liquidated Hong Xiuquan’s people. Most of Hong Xiuquan’s immediate family members were not spared.

他在家中排行老三，父亲洪镜扬除了他之外，还有两个儿子，洪仁发和洪仁达。这兄弟二人才干平平，但因是洪秀全的兄长，在太平天国内陆位尊崇。
He is the third oldest in the family, and his father Hong Jingyang has two sons, Hong Renfa and Hong Renda. These two brothers are mediocre, but because they are Hong Xiuquan’s brothers, they are respected in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

洪秀全一度重用两位兄长，甚至因此气走了石达开。后来，大哥洪仁发被封为信王，二哥洪仁达被封为勇王。
Hong Xiuquan once reused his two brothers, and even left Shi Dakai angrily. Later, the eldest brother Hong Renfa was named the King of Xin, and the second brother Hong Renda was named the King of Yong.

天京城被围后，这两兄弟不思进退之策，却依然忙于搜刮钱财。城破之时，他们的命运也走到了尽头。
After Tianjing City was besieged, the two brothers did not think of a dilemma, but they were still busy looting money. When the city was breached, their fate also came to an end.

洪仁发在乱军中战死，而洪仁达仍率军抵抗。清朝将领朱洪章在攻打天王府时，运用诈败之计，成功生擒了洪仁达。
Hong Renfa died in the chaotic army, but Hong Renda still led the army to resist. When the Qing general Zhu Hongzhang attacked the Heavenly King’s Mansion, he used the strategy of deception and defeat and successfully captured Hong Renda alive.

随后，曾国荃亲自审问，动用酷刑折磨，但洪仁达表现得颇有骨气，“闭口不一语”。与此同时，洪仁发的几个儿子以及洪仁达的儿子均在南京湖熟侨镇被杀。
Subsequently, Zeng Guoquan personally interrogated and tortured him, but Hong Renda behaved quite backbone and “kept silent”. At the same time, several of Hong Renfa’s sons and Hong Renda’s sons were killed in Nanjing’s Hushuqiao Town.

最终，洪仁达被凌迟处死。  In the end, Hong Renda was executed by Ling Chi.

洪秀全的儿子、幼天王洪天贵福的命运同样悲惨。他虽然暂时逃出了南京，但在江西境内被捕，最终也遭凌迟处死。
The fate of Hong Xiuquan’s son, the young king Hong Tianguifu, was equally tragic. Although he temporarily escaped from Nanjing, he was arrested in Jiangxi and eventually executed by Ling Chi.

洪镜扬这一脉，几乎被清军斩杀殆尽。  Hong Jingyang’s lineage was almost killed by the Qing army.

故乡惨案  A tragic case in my hometown

清军对洪秀全族人的追杀并不限于天京城内。在金田起义后，清兵就曾经在洪秀全家乡实施大规模的“诛九族”行动。
The Qing army’s pursuit of Hongxiu’s entire clan was not limited to Tianjing City. After the Jintian Uprising, the Qing soldiers carried out a large-scale “extermination of the nine clans” operation in Hong Xiuquan’s hometown.

洪秀全的家乡，花县（现花都区）官禄布村，成为了清军报复的重点目标。1854年和1864年，清王朝先后两次在官禄布等地进行残酷烧杀，仅官禄布被害者就达40余人。
Hong Xiuquan’s hometown, Guanlubu Village in Huaxian County (now Huadu District), became a key target of the Qing army’s retaliation. In 1854 and 1864, the Qing Dynasty carried out brutal burning twice in Guanlubu and other places, and more than 40 people were killed in Guanlubu alone.

曾经生机勃勃的洪氏村庄，转眼间变成了血腥的屠场。经过这两次屠杀，村内从此没有洪姓村民。
The once vibrant Hong’s village turned into a bloody slaughterhouse in the blink of an eye. After these two massacres, there were no villagers surnamed Hong in the village.

曾经聚居的洪氏家族，要么被杀，要么被迫远走他乡。  The Hong family, who once lived there, were either killed or forced to leave their hometowns.

洪秀全的族兄洪仁政和族弟洪仁玕也未能逃脱厄运。洪仁政原本以种田为生，后来接到洪秀全的信件才投奔太平天国。
Hong Xiuquan’s cousin Hong Renzheng and his cousin Hong Inxuan also failed to escape doom. Hong Renzheng originally made a living by farming, but later received a letter from Hong Xiuquan before defecting to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

他虽然没什么本事，但毕竟是天王的堂兄，因此被封为恤王。洪仁玕的经历则更为曲折，他本是读书人出身，是洪秀全早期的信徒之一。
Although he had no ability, he was the cousin of the King of Heaven after all, so he was named the King of Relief. Hong Renxuan’s experience is even more tortuous, he was originally a scholar and one of Hong Xiuquan’s early believers.

当洪秀全和冯云山离家传教时，洪仁玕本想同行，但被家人阻拦未能成行。金田起义时，他距离较远，未能参加，后为躲避清军追捕逃至香港。
When Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan left home to preach, Hong Renxuan wanted to go together, but was stopped by his family and could not make the trip. During the Jintian Uprising, he was far away and could not participate, and later fled to Hong Kong to avoid the pursuit of the Qing army.

直到1859年，洪仁玕才来到天京，被封为干王，奉命总领朝政。然而，此时的太平天国已经走向衰落，洪仁玕也无力回天。
It was not until 1859 that Hong Renxuan came to Tianjing, was named King Gan, and was ordered to lead the government. However, at this time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had declined, and Hong Renxuan was unable to return to heaven.

天京被攻破时，洪仁政和洪仁玕正在湖州。后来，幼天王突围至广德，他们率军前去会师。
When Tianjing was breached, Hong Renzheng and Hong Renxuan were in Huzhou. Later, the young king broke through to Guangde, and they led their army to join the division.

在杨家牌夜袭战中，太平军被彻底打乱，洪仁玕被俘后，身份被其他俘虏指出。
In the night raid of Yangjiapai, the Taiping Army was completely disrupted, and after Hong Renxuan was captured, his identity was pointed out by other prisoners.

而洪仁政在逃跑时，因没有剃发，被当地百姓捕获送交官府。
When Hong Renzheng escaped, he was captured by the local people and sent to the government because he did not shave his head.

最终，他们二人都被凌迟处死。  In the end, both of them were executed by Ling Chi.

逃亡海外  Fleeing overseas

尽管清军对洪秀全的族人进行了残酷镇压，但并非所有洪氏后代都被一网打尽。一些洪氏后人成功逃脱，纷纷隐姓埋名，远遁海外。
Although the Qing army brutally suppressed Hong Xiuquan’s people, not all of Hong’s descendants were wiped out. Some descendants of the Hong family successfully escaped, and they went incognito and fled overseas.

在洪秀全的后人中，被封为瑛王的洪秀全族侄洪全福的经历颇为传奇。太平天国失败后，他辗转逃往香港，曾经匿迹充当厨师。
Among Hong Xiuquan’s descendants, the experience of Hong Xiuquan’s nephew Hong Quanfu, who was named King Ying, is quite legendary. After the failure of the Taiping Rebellion, he fled to Hong Kong and once worked as a chef.

但洪全福并不仅仅是个普通的厨师。他资历深厚，成为香港会党的大佬，威望很高。
But Hong Quanfu is not just an ordinary chef. He has deep qualifications and has become a big boss in the Hong Kong Party, with high prestige.

到了1903年，兴中会部分成员打算利用会党在广东起义，他们推举洪全福为“大明顺天国南粤兴汉大将军”。
By 1903, some members of the Xingzhong Association planned to use the party to revolt in Guangdong, and they elected Hong Quanfu as the “General of the Great Ming Shun Heavenly Kingdom in the Southern Guangdong Xinghan Dynasty”.

不过起义计划最终泄露，洪全福被迫流亡新加坡，数年后病死，终年74岁。
However, the uprising plan was eventually leaked, and Hong Quanfu was forced into exile in Singapore, where he died of illness a few years later at the age of 74.

洪氏后人的足迹并不限于香港。美国乔治·华盛顿大学医学博士、国际小儿科协会院士洪威灵，就是太平天国琅王洪魁元的后裔。
The footprints of Hung’s descendants are not limited to Hong Kong. Hong Weiling, doctor of medicine at George Washington University and academician of the International Association of Pediatrics, is a descendant of Hong Kuiyuan, the king of Lang in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

洪魁元也是洪秀全的族侄。  Hong Kuiyuan is also Hong Xiuquan’s nephew.

据介绍，中国香港、新加坡，甚至美国、日本，都有昙花一现的洪氏足迹。
According to reports, Hong Kong, Singapore, and even the United States and Japan have short-lived Hong footprints.

当时，花县老一辈华侨因居乡谋生不易而出国，面对恶劣、艰辛的生存条件，向着未知的未来，举步维艰地漂洋过海寻找生计。
At that time, the older generation of overseas Chinese in Huaxian County went abroad because it was not easy to make a living in their hometowns, and in the face of harsh and difficult living conditions, they struggled to cross the ocean to find a livelihood towards the unknown future.

东渡日本  He traveled east to Japan

据一位名叫何梅花的学者研究认为，洪秀全的直系后裔已经逃至日本，并且在日本已经住了一百多年。
According to a scholar named He Meihua, Hong Xiuquan’s direct descendants have fled to Japan and have lived in Japan for more than 100 years.

这一推测在20世纪40年代的一起事件中得到了证实。1943年的一天，广东省花县官禄布村突然来了一群日本士兵。
This speculation was confirmed in an incident in the 40s of the 20th century. One day in 1943, a group of Japanese soldiers suddenly came to Guanlubu Village, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province.

领头的军官在左右侍卫的搀扶下，三步一跪、九步一叩地进了洪氏宗祠。他向村民们自我介绍，说自己名叫洪矢崎义郎，是从广东驻地赶来的，是天王者洪秀全的后人。
The leading officer, supported by the left and right guards, knelt down in three steps and knocked on the ground in nine steps. He introduced himself to the villagers, saying that his name was Hong Yazaki Yoshiro, who came from the Guangdong garrison and was a descendant of the king Hong Xiuquan.

他解释说，自己从小受祖母教育，嘱咐他有朝一日一定要回广东祖籍拜祭祖先。
He explained that he was educated by his grandmother since he was a child, and he was told that he must return to his ancestral home in Guangdong one day to worship his ancestors.

据他介绍，洪秀全在天京被破前就已经预料到了太平天国即将覆灭。
According to him, Hong Xiuquan had already anticipated the imminent fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom before Tianjing was broken.

卧于病榻之上的他派人用船只把自己的一部分亲眷运送到了上海，然后从上海出海口逃往了日本。
Lying on his hospital bed, he sent someone to transport some of his relatives to Shanghai by boat, and then fled to Japan from the Shanghai outlet.

洪矢崎义郎的参拜结束后，他表示想借走祠堂中高祖洪英伦夫妇画像和洪氏族谱，以便给日本国内的洪氏后人传看，并承诺很快就会原物归还。
After Hong Yazaki Yoshiro’s visit, he expressed his desire to borrow the portrait of his great-grandfather Hong Yinglun and his wife and the genealogy of the Hong clan in the ancestral hall so that they could be passed on to the descendants of the Hong family in Japan, and promised to return the original soon after.

在洪矢崎义郎离开后不久，驻扎在花县的日军想拆除洪氏宗祠，用宗祠的木材来修筑炮塔。
Shortly after Yoshiro Hong Yazaki left, the Japanese army stationed in Huaxian wanted to demolish the Hong Clan Ancestral Hall and use the wood of the ancestral hall to build turrets.

这件事遭到了洪氏族人的劝阻，但并没有效果。  This matter was dissuaded by the Hong clan, but it had no effect.

无奈之下，众人经过一番商议，决定派洪镜元去广州找这位“同宗”求助。
In desperation, after some discussion, everyone decided to send Hong Jingyuan to Guangzhou to find this “same sect” for help.

洪矢崎义郎得知之后，马上致电给花县驻军，让他们立即停止行动，并且还要他们把宗祠修复如新。
After learning about it, Hong Yazaki Yoshiro immediately called the Huaxian garrison to stop the operation immediately, and asked them to restore the ancestral hall as if it were new.

此事之后，这些日本士兵再也不敢来村子里为非作歹。  After this incident, these Japanese soldiers no longer dared to come to the village to do evil.

虽然洪矢崎义郎确实如期归还了借走的族谱和画像，但洪氏族人很快发现这是复制品。
Although Yoshiro Hong Yazaki did return the borrowed genealogy and portrait as scheduled, the Hong clan soon discovered that it was a copy.

直到1973年，洪秀全故居来了四位日本参观者，他们在听说此事后，表示回国后将想办法归还原物。
It wasn’t until 1973 that four Japanese visitors came to Hong Xiuquan’s former residence, and after hearing about it, they said that they would find a way to return the items after returning to China.

第二年，这两件原物终于重归故里，如今被收藏在南京的一家博物馆中。
The following year, the two original pieces finally returned to their hometown and are now collected in a museum in Nanjing.

认祖归宗  Recognize your ancestors and return to your ancestors

除了逃往日本外，近些年人们还在安徽定远发现了洪秀全后裔的踪迹。原来当初在混乱之中，洪秀全的一位妃子曾带着幼子来喜逃了出来，一路躲藏，最后来到定远栖身。
In addition to fleeing to Japan, in recent years, people have also found traces of Hong Xiuquan’s descendants in Dingyuan, Anhui Province. It turned out that in the chaos, one of Hong Xiuquan’s concubines escaped with her young son, hid all the way, and finally came to Dingyuan to live.

后来，这位妃子嫁给了当地一位姓程的人家，来喜改名为程文起。临终前，王妃把子孙都叫到了床前，告诉了他们的身世真相，并要求他们保守秘密。
Later, the concubine married a local family surnamed Cheng, and Lai Xi changed her name to Cheng Wenqi. Before dying, the princess called her children and grandchildren to her bed, told them the truth about their life experiences, and asked them to keep secrets.

程文起去世前，也嘱咐子孙要牢记自己的身份。  Before his death, Cheng Wenqi also instructed his descendants to keep in mind their identity.

到1933年程家重修家谱时，表示会在适当的时机改回洪姓。
When the Cheng family rebuilt the family tree in 1933, they said that they would change back to the Hong surname at the appropriate time.

此事得到了花县洪氏的重视，他们与程家之间进行了数次接洽，安徽定远程氏最终正式被载入洪氏家谱之中。
This matter was taken seriously by the Hong family in Huaxian County, and they had several contacts with the Cheng family, and the Anhui Dingyuan clan was finally officially recorded in the Hong family tree.

隐姓埋名多年的天王后裔，在风雨飘摇的一百多年后终于血脉重逢，其祖先叶落归根的夙愿也得以实现。
The descendants of the King of Heaven, who have been incognito for many years, finally reunited by blood after more than a hundred years of turmoil, and their ancestors’ long-cherished wish to return to their roots was also realized.

太平天国运动失败后，洪秀全的族人面临着清兵追杀的严峻局面。他们纷纷隐姓埋名，远遁海外。
After the failure of the Taiping Rebellion, Hong Xiuquan’s people faced a grim situation of being pursued by Qing soldiers. They went incognito and fled overseas.

当时，花县老一辈华侨因居乡谋生不易而出国，面对恶劣、艰辛的生存条件，向着不知道的未来，举步维艰，漂洋过海寻找生计。
At that time, the older generation of overseas Chinese in Huaxian went abroad because it was not easy to make a living in the countryside, and in the face of harsh and difficult living conditions, they struggled towards an unknown future, crossing the ocean to find a livelihood.

随着历史变迁离开国门，移民们的命运各异：有的杳无音讯、客死他乡；有的辗转颠沛流离，开矿山、筑铁路、垦地伐林、种橡胶树，或干起“三刀一洗”（菜刀、剪刀、剃刀和洗衣馆），成为底层苦力；也有的扬眉吐气，光宗耀祖。
With the changes of history, the fates of immigrants are different: some have no news and died in a foreign land; some have been displaced, opening mines, building railways, reclaiming land and cutting down forests, planting rubber trees, or doing “three knives and one wash” (kitchen knives, scissors, razors and laundry) to become low-level coolies; Some raised their eyebrows and glorified their ancestors.

洪氏宗祠前，那位日本军官三步一跪、九步一叩的身影，仿佛成为了这段历史的诡异注脚。
In front of the Hong Clan Ancestral Hall, the figure of the Japanese officer kneeling in three steps and knocking in nine steps seems to have become a strange footnote to this history.

而安徽定远的程氏家族，在百余年守口如瓶后，终于得以重归洪氏族谱。
The Cheng family in Dingyuan, Anhui Province, was finally able to return to the Hong family tree after more than a hundred years of tight-lipped silence.

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