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掌握这406个英语语法公式，语法难题全搞定！从形容词最高级、情态动词到各种时态、被动语态，覆盖初中到高中高频考点，每个公式都搭配经典例句，帮你精准掌握用法，做题、写作直接套用不踩坑！

公式 001

a + 单数量词 + of + 可数名词复数

• a pair of eyes 一双眼睛
• a pair of shoes 一双鞋
• a box of sweets 一盒糖
• a pile of stones 一堆石头
• a basket of eggs 一篮子鸡蛋
• a group of children 一群孩子

公式 002

数词 + 复数量词 + of + 可数名词复数

• two boxes of pens 两盒钢笔
• two baskets of apples 两篮子苹果
• two pairs of gloves 两副手套

公式 003

a + 单数量词 + of + 不可数名词

• a drop of blood 一滴血
• a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
• a bit of bread 一小块面包
• a pound of meat 一磅肉
• a meter of cloth 一米布
• a ton of coal 一吨煤
• a bag of rice 一袋大米
• a bottle of wine 一瓶葡萄酒
• a cup of tea 一杯茶
• a basin of water 一盆水

公式 004

数词 + 复数量词 + of + 不可数名词

• two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
• four bottles of water 四瓶水
• three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡

公式 005

复数名词词尾 +’s

• the children’s toys 儿童玩具
• today’s news 今天的新闻
• the cat’s tail 猫的尾巴
• women’s rights 妇女的权利
• Mary’s bike 玛丽的自行车
• an hour’s walk 步行一个小时的路程
• This is not my dictionary. It’s my sister’s. 这不是我的词典，是我姐姐的。
• Many children’s eyesight is getting poorer and poorer. 很多孩子的视力变得越来越差。

公式 006

复数名词词尾 +’

• The girls’ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into Tom’s car. 这些女孩的鞋子满是泥，所以我让她们把鞋脱下来再上汤姆的车。
• —How far is it from Dalian to Xian? 从大连到西安有多远？—It’s about two hours’ flight. 乘飞机大约两个小时。
• My parents’ hometown is very beautiful. 我父母的家乡非常美。
• Those girls who welcomed the guests were the teachers’ daughters. 迎接客人的那些女孩都是老师们的女儿。
• He found it difficult to answer the visitors’ questions. 他发现那些参观者的问题很难回答。

公式 007

A+and+C+’s 表示两者或多者共同拥有。

• Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling’s mother. 王教授是李明和李玲的妈妈。
• Mary and Sara’s room is big and bright. They like it very much. 玛丽和萨拉的房间宽敞、明亮，她们很喜欢它。

公式 008

A+’s+and+C+’s 表示两者或多者分别拥有。

• Tim’s and Peter’s fathers teach in the same school. 蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所学校教书。

公式 009

名词 + of + 名词

• From the top of the cliff came the cry of the child. 从悬崖顶上传来了那个孩子的哭声。
• The windows of that house are broken. 那间房子的窗户破了。
• There is something wrong with the engine of the car. 这辆车的发动机出了故障。
• The problem of the poor is that they cannot find the right way to get out of the difficult situation. 穷人的问题是他们找不到正确的方法摆脱困境。
• When in trouble, I usually ask for the advice of my parents. 遇到麻烦时，我通常去征询我父母的意见。

公式 010

of 前的名词常由冠词、数词、不定代词等修饰；带’s 所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。

• I have only read four books of Dickens’. 我只看过狄更斯的四本书。
• This is a picture of my brother’s. 这是我哥哥收藏的一幅画。
• Many friends of his have been abroad. 他的许多朋友都出过国。
• He is a cousin of mine. 他是我的一个表哥。

公式 011

many 等 + 可数名词复数

• He made a great many mistakes. 他犯了许多错误。
• My time is very precious, so I can only give you a few minutes. 我的时间很宝贵，所以我只能给你几分钟的时间。
• A number of my friends came to the party. 我的很多朋友参加了这次派对。
• I hear quite a few boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. 我听说你们学校有相当多的男生喜欢在业余时间踢足球，虽然也有一些人更喜欢打篮球。

公式 012

much 等 + 不可数名词

• He doesn’t have much furniture in his room—just an old desk. 他房间里没有多少家具 —— 就一张旧书桌。
• The factory made too much noise. It was so noisy that I couldn’t sleep well every night. 工厂制造了太大的噪音，吵得我每晚都睡不好。
• A large amount of money was spent on the magnificent building. 这座气派的大楼花了许多钱。
• We got little help from them. 我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。
• His work has been attracting a great deal of attention. 他的作品引起了广泛的关注。

公式 013

a lot of 等 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词

• Some police officers in the UK carry guns, but most often don’t. 在英国，一些警察带枪，但大多数不带。
• I asked her for some milk, but she didn’t have any. 我向她要一些牛奶，但是她一点都没有了。
• The young dancers looked so charming in their clothes that we took masses of pictures of them. 年轻的舞蹈演员们穿着她们的衣服，太迷人了，因此我们给她们拍了很多照片。
• We always keep plenty of spare paper, in case we run out. 我们总是存有大量的备用纸张以免用完。
• As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land. 由于森林被破坏，大片的沙漠覆盖了陆地。

公式 014

a/an + 可数名词单数

• A doctor is the person that helps to save people’s lives. 医生就是帮助挽救人们生命的人。
• A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。
• An engineer is one whose job is to design or build roads, bridges, machines and so on. 工程师就是设计或建造公路、桥梁、机器等的人。

公式 015

the + 可数名词单数

• In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. 在中国的很多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。
• The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats. 老虎无疑是大型猫科动物中最威武的。

公式 016

零冠词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词

• Teachers should encourage students to ask more questions. 老师应该鼓励学生多问问题。
• There are cars, buses and bicycles coming and going up and down the street. 街道上轿车、公共汽车和自行车来来往往。
• Plastic is hard to break up. 塑料很难分解。

公式 017

a/an + 不可数名词单数表示泛指、初地提到，“一；每” 等意义。

• India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle. 一场漫长的斗争之后，1947 年印度获得了独立。
• They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader. 他们选择汤姆当本队队长，因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导者。
• He was born in a small village in Guizhou Province. 他出生在贵州省的一个小山村里。
• The car is travelling at 120 kilometers an hour. 轿车正以每小时 120 千米的速度行驶。

公式 018

a/an + 专有名词 表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或不确定的时间。

• I can’t tell you the way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have a Wilson here in the village. 我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为村里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。
• The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu. 来自各行各业的人们正在为一个全新的江苏而努力工作着，这一事实给这里的游客留下了深刻的印象。
• The story took place in an October in the 1980s. 这个故事发生在 20 世纪 80 年代的一个 10 月。

公式 019

a/an + 抽象名词

• Working with Jane is a joy. 和简一起工作是一件快乐的事。
• Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些困难时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。
• —How about the Christmas evening party? 圣诞晚会怎么样？—I should say it was a success. 我得说那是一个成功的晚会。

公式 020

a/an + 物质名词

• A terrible snow struck this area in December and caused severe damage. 12 月间，这个地区遭遇了一场大雪，造成了严重的损失。
• I’d like a coffee and two beers, sir. 先生，我要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。

公式 021

the + 名词 特指上文提到过的、特定的或谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。

• I visited a church in Jinan. The church was built in the early 1900s. 我在济南参观了一座教堂，这座教堂建于 20 世纪初。
• As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange sight. 杰克走到前门时，他看到了一个奇怪的景象。

公式 022

the+sun/earth 等

• There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth. 太空中有 58,000 多个岩石体，其中大约 900 个有可能会坠落到地球上。
• The moon reflects the sun. 月亮反射太阳的光。
• The earth moves around the sun while the moon moves around the earth. 地球围着太阳转而月亮围着地球转。
• As time goes on, we will know more about the Mars. 随着时间的推移，我们对火星的了解会更多。

公式 023

the + 姓氏的复数形式

• The Browns are all living in China. 布朗一家全住在中国。
• The Turners are sitting at a corner table. 特纳一家正坐在靠墙角的一张桌子旁。
• The Johnsons are very old. 约翰逊夫妇年纪很大。

公式 024

the + 专有名词

• As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
• According to the World Health Organization, health care plans for the wounded right now. 我们应立即对伤员进行医疗护理。

公式 025

the + 方位名词

• on the left 在左边
• from the behind 从后面

公式 026

the + 形容词

• in the east 在东部
• to the right 朝右边
• The deaf can go to this special school. 失聪的人可以到这所特殊学校上学。
• The new is to take the place of the old. 新事物终将取代旧事物。
• We should provide medical care. 我们应该提供医疗护理。

公式 027

the + 西洋乐器、娱乐活动等类的名词

• I play the guitar in the school band. 我在学校乐队里面弹吉他。
• The boy of no more than four years old can play the piano very well. 这个年仅四岁的男孩钢琴弹得很好。
• They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去看电影。

公式 028

动词 + sb.+ 介词 + the + 身体部位

• An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. 一个苹果从树上掉了下来，砸在了他的头上。
• The father led his daughter by the hand and walked into the supermarket. 爸爸牵着女儿的手走进了超市。

公式 029

• He has never written such an interesting book as that. 他从未写过像那本书一样那么有趣的书。
• Most people know what a great scientist Edison became later. 大多数人都知道爱迪生后来成了一位非常伟大的科学家。
• The performance finally started half an hour later. 半小时后演出终于开始了。

公式 030

as/so/too/how + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数

• I have never spent as delightful a day as this Sunday. 我从未度过像这个星期天这样令人高兴的一天。
• Mr Smith is so good a teacher that all of us like him. 史密斯先生是一位如此好的老师，我们都喜欢他。
• Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home. 莉莉太小，不能把她独自留在家里。

公式 031

• I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday. 我昨天的考试很容易。
• Our maths teacher is quite a character. 我们的数学老师与众不同。

公式 032

all/both/double/half/twice 等 + the + 名词

• All the students in the class went out. 班里所有的学生都出去了。
• We paid twice the price for the picture. 我们付双倍的价钱买了这幅画。
• It’s only half the size of a normal violin. 它只有普通小提琴的一半大小。

公式 033

you/he/she/It 用于多个单数人称并列的场合。

• You and I have done our best. 我和你都已经尽全力了。
• Tom and I left home early this morning. 我和汤姆今天一大早都离开了家。
• She and I got the same idea. 我和她想到一块儿去了。

公式 034

we/you/they

• We, you and they all have made mistakes. 我们、你们和他们都犯了错误。
• We, you and they are all Chinese. 我们、你们和他们都是中国人。
• We and they are longing to see you. 我们和他们都渴望见你。

公式 035

he+she

• He and she don’t agree with me. 他和她不同意我的看法。
• Graduating from high school, he and she were admitted to the same university. 高中毕业后，他和她被同一所大学录取。

公式 036

用于指代与前面提到的名词为同一个事物的场合。

• Tom doesn’t like the film himself, but his parents like it. 汤姆本人不喜欢这部电影，但是他的父母喜欢。
• I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy it. 我喜欢这座前面有个漂亮花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱买下它。

公式 037

It+be/get + 形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语

• It gets colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。
• It’s eleven o’clock sharp now. 现在 11 点整。
• It is five kilometers from your office to the bank. 从你的办公室到银行有五千米远。

公式 038

It+be + 被强调部分 + that…

• It was because he would get the chance to travel that he wanted to work as a tour guide. 就是因为能有机会去旅行，他才想从事导游职业的。
• It was our manager that/who met me at the airport yesterday. 昨天是我们经理去机场接我的。
• It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名，而且它的天气也很有名。

公式 039

It+be + 形容词 + to do sth.

• It is necessary to expand your vocabulary in studying English. 在英语学习中扩大词汇量是必要的。
• It is very important for us to master computer skills. 对于我们来说，掌握计算机技能是非常重要的。
• It is very easy for you to finish the work in two days. 对于你来说，两天之内完成这项工作很容易。
• It is very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。

公式 040

It+be + 形容词 + of sb.+to do sth.

• It is foolish of you to believe in such a person. 相信一个这样的人你真傻。
• It was nice of you to help. 你帮了我，真好。
• It is generous of the little girl to share her toys with other kids. 这个小女孩很大方，和其他孩子分享她的玩具。
• It is clever of him to work out such a difficult problem. 他把这么难的问题都算出来了，真聪明。

公式 041

It+be+no use/no good+doing sth.

• It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. 与比尔争论是没有用的，因为他永远不会改变主意。
• It is no good turning to him. He is always indifferent to others’ matters. 向他求助没用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。
• It is no good telling him. He won’t listen. 告诉他没有用，他不会听的。

公式 042

It+be + 过去分词 + that 从句

• It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. 人们常对人类天生具有对话的能力。
• It is believed that the house was built in 1735. 据认为这所房子建于 1735 年。
• It is reported that the rain will stop tomorrow. 据报道，明天这场雨就会停。
• It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. 按照规定您不能把您的电子邮箱账户密码告诉别人。
• It is known that she is a learned woman. 众所周知，她是一位博学的女士。

公式 043

It+be + 名词 + 不定式 /that 从句

• In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. 实际上，派警察来对，在一场重大的足球赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。
• It is an honour for me to be invited to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。
• It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture. 您错过了这么好的一个报告真可惜。
• It is a fact that English is learned as an international language. 英语作为一种国际性的语言被学习是一个事实。

公式 044

It+be + 形容词 + that 从句

• It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan. 很显然，大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。
• It is obvious that he doesn’t know how to repair a car. 很明显，他不知道怎样修理汽车。
• It is necessary that he remember these words. 他有必要记住这些话。

公式 045

It + 某些动词 + that 从句

• It appears that all the files have been deleted. 所有的文件好像都已经被删除了。
• It seems that he hasn’t known anything about that. 看起来他对那件事情还一无所知。
• It happened that he went by the store at that time. 那时他碰巧经过那家商店。

公式 046

It+be+one’s turn+to do sth.

• It is your turn to sing a song now. 现在轮到你唱歌了。
• It is Tom’s turn to clean the office today. 今天轮到汤姆打扫办公室了。

公式 047

It+be+time…

• It is time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。
• Now it is time for me to study hard. 现在是我努力学习的时候了。
• It is high time that you made/should make a decision. 到了你作出决定的时候了。

公式 048

It+has been/is + 时间段 + since…

• It is three years since I came here. 我来这儿已经三年了。
• It is three months since they completed the great project. 他们完成这项大工程已经三个月了。
• That was really a splendid evening. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much. 那确实是一个很精彩的夜晚，我有多年没玩得这么开心了。
• It has been eleven years since he was a coach. 他已经有 11 年不当教练了。

公式 049

It+was/will be+ 时间段 + before…

• It was several minutes before we realized what was happening. 几分钟后我们才明白发生了什么事情。
• It will be a while before we know the results. 我们要过一会儿才能知道结果。

公式 050

主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 补足语 + 真正宾语

• The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. 这两个女孩长得太像了以致陌生人很难分辨她们。
• Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 苏珊已明确表示她希望自己开始新的生活。
• No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都把在早餐前散步当成规矩。

公式 051

• I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见了这次事故的全过程。
• The restaurant has a kitchen garden of its own. 这家饭店有自己的菜园。

公式 052

one…, the other…

• He has two sons. One is a doctor, and the other is a soldier. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是军人。
• It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and the other is Japan’s Kansai International Airport. 据说从太空中能够清楚地看到两个人造建筑物：一个是中国长城，另一个是日本的关西国际机场。

公式 053

some…, others…

• Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball. 一些男孩子在踢足球，另外一些在打篮球。
• There are lots of people in the park on Sunday. Some are walking, and others are climbing the hills. 星期天公园里有许多人，一些在散步，另一些在爬山。

公式 054

some…, the others…

• Of these students, some are from Peking University, and the others are from Tsinghua University. 这些学生中，一些来自北京大学，其余的来自清华大学。
• Some of my birthday gifts were given by my relatives, and the others were given by my friends. 我的生日礼物有一些是我的亲戚们送的，其余的是我的朋友们送的。

公式 055

one…,another…

• The old man’s three daughters are all abroad. One is in the US, another is in England and the other seems to be in France. 这位老人的三个女儿都在国外，一个在美国，一个在英国，另外一个好像在法国。
• Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 回收利用是保护环境的一种方法，重复利用是另一种方法。

公式 056

• I have got a few friends who live nearby. 我有几个住在附近的朋友。
• He has few interests outside his work. 工作之外他几乎没有什么兴趣。
• —Can you speak French? 你会说法语吗？—Yes, but a little. 会，不过只会打一点。
• We have little rain here in spring. 我们这里春天几乎不下雨。

公式 057

such+be… be 的单复数形式由其后的名词或代词决定。

• Such were her wishes. 这就是她的愿望。
• Such is their decision. 这就是他们的决定。

公式 058

• —I’d like some more cheese. 我想再要一些奶酪。—Sorry, there’s none left. 对不起，一点也没有了。
• Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 尽管罗斯玛丽多年受重病折磨，但她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。
• None of the money was missing. 钱一点儿也没丢。
• Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him. 查尔斯一个人在家，没有人照顾他。

公式 059

用于询问职业。

• What is your elder sister? 你姐姐是干什么的？
• What does your father do? 你爸爸是做什么的？
• What did you do when you were in London? 你在伦敦时是做什么的？

公式 060

What+be + 主语 + like? 用于询问某人 / 事物是什么样的或怎么样。

• One of the twins is very active. What is the other like? 这对双胞胎中的一个非常活跃，另一个怎么样？

公式 061

What+do/does + 主语 + look like?

• —What does Clark look like? 克拉克长什么样？—He is tall and has brown hair. 他很高，有棕色的头发。
• —What does your manager look like? 你们经理长什么样？—She has big eyes and a small mouth. 她有一双大眼睛和一张小嘴。
• What do your parents look like? 你父母长什么样？
• 双胞胎中的一个很活跃，另一个怎么样？
• What’s the weather like in your city this time of year? 你们城市每年这个时候天气怎么样？

公式 062

What do you think of…?

• What do you think of our new English teacher? 你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样？
• What do you think of the film we saw yesterday? 你觉得我们昨天看的那部电影怎么样？
• What do you think of this lap top? 你觉得这台笔记本电脑怎么样？

公式 063

What about…?

• What about the two of us having a coffee? 咱们两个去喝杯咖啡怎么样？
• —What time shall we meet tomorrow? 咱们明天什么时候见面？—What about 11 o’clock? 11 点怎么样？
• What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样？
• What about the matter the other day? 前天的那件事怎么样了？
• What about the weather in your hometown? 你家乡的天气怎么样？

公式 064

• There were about six hundred students in the schoolbuilding during the earthquake. 地震时教学楼里大约有 600 名学生。
• It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand people homeless. 据报道，这次洪水使得大约 2,000 人无家可归。
• —How many copies did the book sell? 这本书卖了多少册？—More than four million copies. 400 多万册。

公式 065

• She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 她去书店买了几十本书。
• Scores of victims received head injuries. 很多受害者头部受伤。
• Thousands of people were reported to be killed or wounded. 据报道有成千上万人被杀或受伤。
• We planted hundreds of trees yesterday. 我们昨天种了数百棵树。
• Basketball is so popular a game in the world that millions of people play it for fun and exercise. 篮球在世界上是一项很受欢迎的运动，数百万人打篮球来娱乐和锻炼。

公式 066

分钟数 + past/after + 小时（分钟数是超过整时数 30 分钟内的）

• five past/after nine 9:05
• twenty past/after nine 9:20
• a quarter past /after nine 9:15
• half past nine 9:30

公式 067

分钟数 + to + 小时

• five to ten 9:55
• ten to eleven 10:50
• a quarter to ten 9:45

公式 068

基数词 + years old

• I’m twelve years old. I had a special party on my twelfth birthday last Sunday. 我 12 岁了，上周日我 12 岁生日那天举办了一场特殊的派对。
• He is eighteen years old. It’s time to live on his own. 他 18 岁了，是开始独立生活的时候了。

公式 069

at + 基数词

• At forty, he became the general manager of the company. 他 40 岁时，成了公司的总经理。
• He was struck down by cancer at thirty. 他 30 岁时死于癌症。
• She started writing music at four. 她在四岁的时候就开始谱写曲子了。

公式 070

• He is an old man aged eighty. 他是一位 80 岁的老人。
• There is a boy aged twelve. 有一个 12 岁的男孩。

公式 071

in one’s + 整十数的复数形式

• When he was in his twenties, he became a very famous poet. 二十多岁的时候，他成了一位非常有名的诗人。
• My mother became a professor in her thirties. 我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。

公式 072

in the + 年份 +-s/-‘s

• This kind of hairstyle was very popular in the 1990s/1990’s. 这种发型在 20 世纪 90 年代非常流行。
• In the 1980s/1980’s, he began to learn Russian. 在 20 世纪 80 年代，他开始学俄语。

公式 073

倍数 + as + 原级 + as…

• The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one. 正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育场将是现在这个的三倍大。
• It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说现在这个发电厂是过去的两倍大。
• Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost twice as much as his. 彼得的夹克看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是杰克的两倍。

公式 074

倍数 + the + 名词 + of…

• This street is twice/double the width of that one. 这条大街是那条的两倍宽。
• I am almost three times the age of yours. 我的年龄几乎是你的三倍。
• Exactly speaking, this room is three times the size of that one. 准确地说，这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。

公式 075

倍数 + what 从句

• The value of the house now is double what it was. 现在这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。
• People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago. 人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。
• The city’s population is more than six times what it was in 1972. 这个城市的人口是 1972 年的六倍多。

公式 076

倍数 + 比较级 + than…

• This room is twice larger than yours. 这个房间是你们那间的两倍大。
• Sound travels four times faster in water than in air. 声音在水中的传播速度是在空气中的四倍。

公式 077

比较级 + than…+by + 倍数

• This line is longer than that one by twice. 这条线是那条线的两倍长。
• The population of China is larger than that of the US by four times. 中国人口是美国人口的四倍。

公式 078

• She lives on the second floor. 她住在二楼。
• In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。

公式 079

in + 表示时间段的名词

• in the evening 在晚上
• in the morning 在上午
• in a day 一天内
• in August 在 8 月
• in spring 在春天
• in 2012 在 2012 年
• He will be back in a week. 他一周后回来。

公式 080

at + 表示时间点的名词

• at six o’clock 在 6 点
• at noon 在中午
• at that time 在那时候
• at the moment 目前，此刻
• at the beginning of this month 在这个月初
• at the end of the holiday 在假期末

公式 081

on + 表示具体时间的名词

• on Sunday 在星期天
• on Sunday morning 在星期天的早上
• on February 15, 1997 在 1997 年 2 月 15 日
• on a rainy night of August 在 8 月的一个雨夜
• Mr Hu received a card on Teachers’ Day. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。
• He invited me to a dance after the show on Christmas Eve. 在平安夜表演之后他邀请我去跳舞。

公式 082

for + 表示时间段的名词

• I have subscribed to that magazine for three years. 我订阅那种杂志已经三年了。
• I subscribed to that magazine for three years. 我曾订阅过那种杂志三年。
• I will subscribe to that magazine for three years. 那种杂志我将订阅三年。

公式 083

after + 表示时间段的名词

• The old man left home in 1924 and came back after thirty years. 那位老人 1924 年离开家，30 年后才回来。

公式 084

on/in/above/over + 名词

• There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。
• The birds sang high and clearly in the tree. 鸟儿在树上清脆地高歌。
• The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层之上飞行。
• We live over a small bookstore. 我们住在一家小书店的上面。

公式 085

through/across/past/over + 名词

• The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. 阳光透过屋顶的窗子照射进来，照亮了整个房间。
• He walked across the square to meet her. 他穿过广场去见她。
• I drive past a big supermarket to the office every day. 我每天开车去上班时都经过一家大超市。
• We must go over the mountain. 我们必须翻过那座山。

公式 086

between/among + 名词

• Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves. 一些学生通常在课间听音乐来给自己提提神。
• They don’t know the differences between wheat, oats and barley. 他们不知道小麦、燕麦和大麦之间的区别。
• Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. 在星期五的世界超级模特大赛上，14 个获奖的人中有 4 位是中国模特。

公式 087

except/besides/except for + 名词

• The office is open every day except Sundays. 这个办事处除了星期天之外天天都开门。
• Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days. 如今一些人选择工作除考虑金钱外还考虑其他因素。
• Everything was perfect for the picnic except for the weather. 这次野餐，除天气外，一切都完美。
• except，besides 和 except for 的区别：except 后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；besides 后的宾语是被包括在内的；except for 后的宾语是被排除在外的，但被排除的内容与主语所指不是同一类或同一方面。

公式 088

with/by/in + 表示方式、工具的名词

• I cut the cake with the knife. 我用刀子把蛋糕切开。
• A great man shows his greatness by the way he treats little man. 一个伟大的人是通过他对待小人物的方式显示其伟大。

公式 089

be busy doing sth.

• We’re busy doing homework after school every day. 我们每天放学后都忙于做作业。
• He is busy preparing his report. 他正忙着准备他的报告。

公式 090

have difficulty/trouble doing sth.

• He had much difficulty finding my house. 找到我的家他费了很大劲。
• I have some trouble working out this problem. 解出这道题我有些困难。
• We must stop him going to swim in the river. 我们必须阻止他去河里游泳。
• The Great Green Wall will prevent the wind blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻止大风刮走土壤。

公式 092

be + 种类、数量、度量、种族、国籍类名词

• We are the same age. 我们年龄一样。
• Machines are different types and sizes. 机器有不同的型号和大小。
• They are noble race. 他们出身高贵。
• 常用于该结构的名词有：length 长度、height 高度、depth 深度、width 宽度、age 年龄、blood 血统、nationality 国籍、race 种族、size 大小

公式 093

spend…doing sth.

• His brother spends all his free time painting. 他哥哥把所有的空闲时间都用来绘画。
• They spent a large amount of money building this bridge. 他们花了一大笔钱修建这座桥。

公式 094

时间段 / 距离

• The meeting lasted three hours. 会议持续了三个小时。
• He has been staying here all day. 他在这里待了一整天了。

公式 095

介词 + 名词

• at school 在上学
• at present 目前
• by chance 偶然
• in a word 总而言之
• in danger 处于危险之中
• in time 及时
• An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to the southern island discovered by chance a long lost antique Greek vase. 一位艺术家最近坐轮渡去南部的这个岛旅行，偶然发现了一个遗失已久的希腊古董花瓶。

公式 096

名词 + 介词

• access to 进入…… 的通路
• approach to 做…… 的方法
• blame for 对…… 的责任
• desire for 对…… 的渴望
• faith in 对…… 的信仰
• interest in 对…… 的兴趣

公式 097

动词 + 介词

• agree to 同意
• account for 解释，说明
• answer for 对…… 负责
• ask for 要求
• burst into 突然…… 起来
• call on 呼吁，号召
• Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library for a book about it. 在去参观一个有意思的地方之前，在你当地的图书馆寻找一本相关的书查看一下。

公式 098

形容词 + 介词

• absent from 缺席
• afraid of 害怕
• angry with 生气
• aware of 意识到
• bad for 对…… 有害
• contrary to 与…… 相反
• different from 与…… 不同
• fit for 适合

公式 099

祈使句 + or/and + 陈述句

• Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。
• Read this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 读这个故事，你会明白不是所有东西都能用钱买到。
• Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs or you could have problems. 关闭电脑之前要先关掉所有程序，否则就会出问题。

公式 100

…while…

• The spring of Beijing is very dry while that of Kunming is damp. 北京的春天很干燥，然而昆明的春天却很潮湿。
• There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails. 无从知晓，为何一个人会有重要的发现而另一个也很聪明的人却失败了。

公式 101

…or…

• Do you go to school by bus or on foot? 你是坐公共汽车还是步行去上学？
• We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us or you can meet us there later. 我们将乘约翰的车去书店。你可以和我们一起去，也可以稍后在那里跟我们会面。

公式 102

…but …

• It’s not easy to change habits, but with awareness and self-control, it is possible. 改变习惯不容易，但是通过意识和自我控制，改变习惯是可能的。
• I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn’t want to spend all day with her. 我很高兴再次遇见珍妮，但我不想整天跟她待在一起。

公式 103

not…but…

• It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself. 人们常说旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。
• Not money but teachers are what we need. 我们需要的不是钱，而是老师。

公式 104

both…and…

• His daughter is both bright and pretty. 他的女儿既聪明又漂亮。
• He can both write songs and compose music. 他既会写歌，又会作曲。
• Both my brother and I are outgoing persons. 我弟弟和我都是外向的人。
• He’s lived in both Britain and America. 他在英国和美国都生活过。

公式 105

either…or…

• You can talk with Mr Black either in English or in Chinese. 你可以跟布莱克先生用英文或中文谈话。
• Either you accept the decisions or you get out. 要么你接受决定，要么你出去。
• Either he or I am to go to the laboratory. 他或者我要到实验室去。

公式 106

not only…but…

• He not only read the book, but remembered what he had read. 他不仅看过这本书，而且还记得他看过的内容。
• Not only the teacher but the students have given money to us. 不仅这位老师为我们捐了款，而且学生们也捐了款。
• Not only does he do his own work well, but he helps others with their work. 他不仅把自己的工作做得好，而且还帮助别人工作。

公式 107

neither…nor…

• Neither his parents nor Jack was at home. 杰克和他父母都不在家。
• Neither his mother nor his father spoke English. 他的父母都不会说英语。
• She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。

公式 108

…as well as…

• The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次锦标赛不仅职业选手可以参加，业余选手也可以参加。
• The teacher as well as the students wishes for a holiday. 老师和学生们都希望放假。
• He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。

公式 109

…, for…

• The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn. 树叶在飘落，因为已经是秋天了。
• I know that you are telling a lie, for you are a little panic. 我知道你在说谎，因为你有点惊慌。
• I cannot tell you whether the book is worth reading, for I haven’t read it myself. 我无法告诉你这本书是否值得读，因为我自己还没看过。

公式 110

名词 + 表语形容词部分表语形容词作定语时需后置。

• He was the only person alive at that moment. 他是那时唯一活着的人。
• The girl asleep is his daughter. 这个睡着的女孩是他的女儿。

公式 111

复合不定代词 + 形容词

• something interesting 有趣的事情
• nothing special 没什么特别的事情
• nothing serious 没什么要紧的事情
• everything valuable 一切有价值的东西
• Could he write something original? 他能写出原创的东西吗？
• He provided his son with everything necessary. 他给儿子提供一切需要的东西。

公式 112

名词 + 形容词短语

• Australia is a country famous for its beautiful scenery. 澳大利亚是一个以风景秀丽闻名的国家。
• I haven’t found a job suitable for me. 我还没有找到一份适合我的工作。

公式 113

名词 + 形容词 + and/or + 形容词两个意义相近或相反的形容词用 and，or 等连词连接作定语时，常需要后置。

• People in the village, young and old, went to see the film yesterday evening. 这个村子里的老老少少昨天晚上都去看电影了。
• The girl, wise and diligent, won first prize in an international maths competition. 这个聪明勤奋的女孩在一次国际数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。
• Power stations, large or small, have been set up all over the country. 大大小小的发电站都已经在全国各地建立起来了。

公式 114

名词 + 基数词 + 时间、度量类名词 + 形容词“基数词 + 时间、度量类名词 + 形容词” 作定语修饰名词时要后置。

• Yesterday, a Mr Brown, thirty years old, came to visit you. 昨天一位 30 岁、叫布朗的先生来拜访过你。
• He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high with a narrow entrance. 他在石堆中找到了一个 12 英尺多高、带有狭窄入口的好地方。

公式 115

• a tall gray building 一幢灰色的高楼
• that square new red box 那个新的红色方形盒子
• a dirty old brown shirt 一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫
• the other two beautiful small old white French wooden desks 另外两张漂亮的、小的、古老的白色法国木制书桌

公式 116

…as + 形容词原级 + as…

• Mary’s spoken English is as good as mine. 玛丽的英语口语和我的一样好。
• This table is as clean as that one. 这张桌子和那张一样干净。

公式 117

…not as/so + 形容词原级 + as…

• She is not as/so happy as she pretends. 她不像她假装得那么高兴。
• Jack is not as/so tall as Jimmy. He is not the tallest boy in our class. 杰克不如吉米高，他不是我们班个子最高的男生。
• Your cousin is not as/so strong as you. 你表弟不像你这么强壮。
• In my opinion, she is not as/so beautiful as you. 在我看来，她不如你漂亮。

公式 118

• Sam drank as much coffee as Mary. 萨姆和玛丽喝了同样多的咖啡。
• I have as many books as Tom. 我和汤姆的书一样多。

公式 119

…as + 形容词原级 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + as..

• He is as nice a boy as Peter. 他和彼得一样都是好孩子。
• Miss Green is as strict a teacher as Mr White. 格林小姐和怀特先生一样都是严厉的老师。
• Most doctors think that medicine is as much an art as it is a science. 多数医生认为医学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。

公式 120

… 形容词比较级 + than…

• Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three. 第四课比第三课难。
• Travelling by train is more comfortable than travelling by bus. 坐火车旅行比坐公共汽车舒服。
• There are more flowers in summer than in winter. 夏天的花比冬天多。
• Your house is bigger than mine. 你的房子比我的大。

公式 121

…not + 形容词比较级 + than…

• I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。
• His French is not better than yours. 他的法语不比你的好。

公式 122

…no + 形容词比较级 + than…

• I am no taller than you. 我和你一样都不高。
• His French is no better than yours. 他的法语和你的一样差。
• She is no more than seven years old. 她仅有七岁。

公式 123

… 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级…

• The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 电脑越来越便宜了。
• Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美。
• She became more and more interested in American literature. 她对美国文学变得越来越感兴趣了。
• As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。

公式 124

the + 形容词比较级…, the + 形容词比较级…

• The more friends you have, the happier you will be. 你的朋友越多，你就会越开心。
• The shorter the speech is, the better it is. 演讲越短越好。
• The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. 问题越难，我们就应越仔细。

公式 125

… 表示程度等的词 + 形容词比较级 + than…（表示程度等的词用以说明两者相比时的差距）

• —John, is Henry your twin brother? 约翰，亨利是你的双胞胎哥哥吗？—Oh, yes. He is twenty minutes older than me. 哦，是的。他比我早出生 20 分钟。
• You are an inch taller than him. 你比他高一英寸。

公式 126

…the + 形容词比较级 + one/of the two…

• Of the two sisters, Betty is the younger one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. 两姐妹中，贝蒂是较小的一个，也是爱安静的那个。
• The taller of the two is my brother. 两个当中较高的那个是我弟弟。
• —Which one of those two houses would you buy? 那两套房子你会买哪一套？—I would buy the larger one, because I have a big family. 我会买那套大一点的，因为我家人多。

公式 127

Which is + 形容词比较级，…or…?

• This mobile phone is superior to the one Lucy bought. 这部手机比露西买的那部要好。
• This photo is inferior to that one. 这张照片比那张差。