最近，一则文化圈的重磅消息引发全球关注：联合国教科文组织要求韩国在 45 天内，提交五项非物质文化遗产项目的完整历史源流证据，否则将启动重审程序。这一事件犹如一颗投入平静湖面的石子，激起千层浪，让非遗文化的保护与传承问题，再次成为大众瞩目的焦点。
A recent bombshell in the cultural sphere has seized global attention: UNESCO has demanded that South Korea submit complete historical evidence for five intangible cultural heritage (ICH) projects within 45 days, threatening a re-examination process otherwise. Like a stone disrupting a placid lake, this incident has reignited public focus on the protection and inheritance of intangible heritage.
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这五项备受争议的非遗项目，背后都隐藏着复杂的历史渊源。安东假面舞，韩国最早文字记录比中国晚近 1000 年，其面具 17 处花纹与中国贵州傩戏完全一致，中国《贵州傩戏面具制作图谱》更是证明该手艺在唐宋时期就已存在。
The five contested heritage projects each harbor complex historical origins. Take Andong Mask Dance: South Korea’s earliest written record appeared nearly a millennium after China’s, with 17 patterns on its masks identical to those of Guizhou’s Nuo opera. China’s Guizhou Nuo Opera Mask Making Atlas confirms the craft’s existence as early as the Tang and Song dynasties.
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燃灯会的结构和手艺全盘照搬中国唐代灯会。韩国申遗时所用的唐代灯会摹本，还被发现故意抹去 “长安西市” 标记，而敦煌唐代手绘图则是其源自中国的铁证。
The Buddha’s Birthday Lantern Festival outright replicates the structure and craftsmanship of China’s Tang Dynasty lantern fairs; shockingly, the Tang-era fair replicas used in South Korea’s heritage application were found to have deliberately erased the ‘Chang’an West Market’ marker, while Dunhuang’s Tang hand-drawn scrolls stand as ironclad proof of its Chinese roots.
泡菜制作也并非韩国独创。中国北魏《齐民要术》早有详细记载，比韩国文献早了 1200 年，甚至泡菜里的菌群基因都与中国有关。
Kimchi-making, far from a Korean invention, was detailed in China’s Northern Wei-era Qi Min Yao Shu (Essential Techniques for the Peasantry) 1,200 years before Korean records—and even its bacterial flora genetically traces to Chinese traditions.
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江陵端午祭在农历五月初五举行，与中国端午节时间重合。木构建筑技艺的 27 道工序里，19 道与中国宋代《营造法式》如出一辙。面对这些铁证，联合国要求韩国给出合理证明，绝非空穴来风。
The Gangneung Danoje Festival, held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, coincides with China’s Dragon Boat Festival, while 19 of its 27 wooden architecture procedures mirror those in China’s Song-dynasty Yingzao Fashi (Building Standards). Confronted with such evidence, UNESCO’s demand for justification is anything but baseless.
此次事件的起因，源于中国新任联合国教科文组织非遗公约主席国后的一系列行动。中国积极推动建立严格的 “文化溯源” 机制，中国文化遗产鉴定中心更是向联合国教科文组织提交了 137 项铁证，直指韩国这 5 个非遗项目并非原创。同时，中国还提议将 “历史渊源” 作为世界文化遗产评审的重要标尺，力求堵住个别国家篡改历史、断章取义申遗的漏洞。
The incident stems from China’s initiatives since assuming the chairmanship of UNESCO’s ICH Convention. China has pushed for a strict ‘cultural traceability’ mechanism, with its Cultural Heritage Appraisal Center submitting 137 pieces of evidence to UNESCO, exposing the five Korean projects as non-original. China also proposed making ‘historical origin’ a core criterion for world heritage evaluation, aiming to plug loopholes that enable historical distortion and cherry-picking in heritage bids.
截至目前，我国共有 44 个项目列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录、名册，居世界第一。其中人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录 36 个，还有急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录 7 个，以及优秀实践名册 1 个。这些项目是我国文化瑰宝的重要体现，反映了我国悠久的历史和灿烂的文明。
As of now, China has a total of 44 projects inscribed on the UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage, ranking first in the world. Among them, 36 are on the “Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”, 7 on the “List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding”, and 1 on the “Register of Good Safeguarding Practices”. These projects are important embodiments of China’s cultural treasures, reflecting the country’s time-honored history and splendid civilization.
这一事件，让我们不得不重新审视非遗文化的价值与意义。非物质文化遗产，承载着一个民族的历史记忆、文化基因与精神标识，是全人类的共同财富。每一项非遗背后，都有着无数先辈的智慧结晶与辛勤付出，它们见证了历史的沧桑变迁，串联起过去、现在与未来。保护非遗文化，就是守护我们的文化根脉，传承民族的灵魂。
This controversy forces us to revisit ICH’s value: it carries a nation’s historical memory, cultural DNA, and spiritual identity, serving as humanity’s shared treasure. Behind each ICH item lie generations of ancestral wisdom and toil, witnessing historical shifts and bridging past, present, and future. Protecting ICH means guarding our cultural roots and inheriting our national soul.
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在全球化浪潮汹涌的今天，非遗文化面临着诸多挑战。现代生活方式的冲击，让许多传统技艺逐渐失去生存土壤，传承后继无人；部分国家和地区对非遗文化的不当争夺与歪曲，也严重损害了文化的原真性与完整性。就像这次韩国的非遗溯源事件，不仅是对历史事实的漠视，更是对文化多样性的破坏。
Globalization presents daunting challenges: modern lifestyles have eroded the soil for traditional crafts, causing inheritance gaps, while improper heritage claims and distortions—like the South Korean case—undermine cultural authenticity and diversity, violating historical truth and threatening global cultural pluralism.
那么，我们该如何守护非遗文化呢？政府应加大对非遗保护的政策支持与资金投入，建立健全非遗保护传承体系，培养专业人才，为非遗的存续与发展提供坚实保障。社会各界也需积极参与，通过举办展览、讲座、体验活动等，提高公众对非遗的认知度与认同感，让更多人了解非遗、热爱非遗。媒体则要发挥传播优势，利用新媒体平台，以生动有趣的形式宣传非遗文化，扩大其影响力。而最重要的是，我们每个人都要树立文化保护意识，从自身做起，传承和弘扬身边的非遗文化。
So, how to safeguard our heritage? Governments must enhance policy support and funding, establish robust protection systems, and cultivate professionals to secure ICH’s survival. Society should engage through exhibitions, lectures, and hands-on activities to boost public awareness and cultural identification. Media must leverage new platforms to promote ICH vividly, expanding its reach. Most crucially, each individual should foster a preservation mindset, starting with inheriting and promoting local heritage.
非遗文化是我们民族的瑰宝，是连接过去与未来的桥梁。在这场联合国介入的韩国非遗溯源风波中，我们看到了保护非遗文化的紧迫性与重要性。让我们携手共进，守护好这份珍贵的文化遗产，让非遗文化在新时代绽放出更加绚烂的光彩！
ICH is our nation’s gem and a bridge between eras. The UN-involved controversy highlights the urgency of heritage protection. Let us unite to safeguard this legacy, ensuring our intangible culture thrives brilliantly in the modern age.