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铅锤哥

玩转电脑   The original Brother Plumb Bob plays with the computer

2022年5月26日 12:57
广东
May 26, 2022 12:57 Guangdong

下面这张图是某笔记本的接口介绍图，看到这里，可能很多人都有一些迷糊，USB-C与USB 4 、雷雳 4有啥区别，不都长得一样吗？
The following picture is an interface introduction diagram of a notebook, seeing this, many people may be a little confused, what is the difference between USB-C and USB 4, Thunderbolt 4, don’t they all look the same?

一、USB-C

USB-C，全称USB Type-C，是USB接口的一种物理外观形态（记住要考），体积轻薄，不用区分正反面，支持正反盲插。
USB-C, full name USB Type-C, is a physical appearance form of the USB interface (remember to test), thin and light, no need to distinguish between front and back, and support blind plugging in front and back.

其针脚达到了24个，几乎可以包容所有的USB传输协议，包括USB2.0、USB3.0、USB 3.2、USB4等，以及USB-PD快充协议、DisplayPortP数字视频协议、雷电3/4协议 等，由此实现更高USB传输速度、高达100W的供电潜力和传输超清视频信号的性能潜力，大有一统接口之势。
It has 24 pins, which can cover almost all USB transmission protocols, including USB2.0, USB3.0, USB 3.2, USB4, etc., as well as USB-PD fast charging protocol, DisplayPortP digital video protocol, Thunderbolt 3/4 protocol, etc., so as to achieve higher USB transmission speed, power supply potential of up to 100W and performance potential for transmitting ultra-clear video signals.

前面说了，USB Type-C只是一种接口物理形态，而实际性能还要看它走的是哪种协议。
As mentioned earlier, USB Type-C is just a physical form of interface, and the actual performance depends on which protocol it takes.

比如说：  For example:

苹果【M1 Max 机型】USB-C端口，传输速率仅10Gb/s；
Apple [M1 Max model] USB-C port, the transfer rate is only 10Gb/s;

【M1 Ultra 机型】采用的雷雳4 端口，传输速率高达40Gb/s……
【M1 Ultra model】Uses Thunderbolt 4 port with a transfer rate of up to 40Gb/s……

二、USB4  2. USB4

USB4 是一种传输数据的协议，采用USB-C 物理形态，并且融合了雷电3协议，同时支持高速数据传输和视频/音频传输。其主要性能表现如下：
USB4 is a protocol for transmitting data, using USB-C physical form, and integrating the Thunderbolt 3 protocol, supporting both high-speed data transmission and video/audio transmission. Its main performance is as follows:

注：图片源于网络转载。  Note: The picture is reproduced from the Internet.

1、分为两个版本：USB4 20（理论速率20Gbps）和 USB4 40（理论速率40Gbps）；
1. It is divided into two versions: USB4 20 (theoretical rate 20Gbps) and USB4 40 (theoretical rate 40Gbps);

2、兼容DisplayPort 2.0视频传输协议，支持8K@60Hz+HDR10视频的实时传输；

2. Compatible with DisplayPort 2.0 video transmission protocol, support real-time transmission of 8K@60Hz+HDR10 video;

3、可以外接显卡、两台 4K 显示器或一台 5K 显示器等。
3. It can be connected to an external graphics card, two 4K monitors or one 5K monitor, etc.

4、最高支持100W PD供电，涵盖大部分设备的充电功率；
4. Support up to 100W PD power supply, covering the charging power of most devices;

基于雷电3协议进行开发的USB4，通用性更强，设备要求更低，不需要授权费，并且向下兼容各种USB标准和雷电3，与雷电4 相互补充并相互兼容。
USB4 developed based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol is more versatile, has lower device requirements, does not require licensing fees, and is backward compatible with various USB standards and Thunderbolt 3, complementing and compatible with Thunderbolt 4.

三、雷雳 4  3. Thunder 4

雷雳 4 ，英文全称“Thunderbolt 4”，俗称“雷电 4 ”，是英特尔推出的新一代高速数据传输标准，同样使用了 USB-C 物理接口，并兼容了USB4、DisplayPort和PCIe。其主要性能表现如下：
Thunderbolt 4, the full name in English, commonly known as “Thunderbolt 4”, is a new generation of high-speed data transfer standard launched by Intel, which also uses the USB-C physical interface and is compatible with USB4, DisplayPort and PCIe. Its main performance is as follows:

1、数据传输速度最高可达到40Gbps  1. The data transmission speed can reach up to 40Gbps

2、PCIe传输速度高达32Gbps，存储传输速度高达3,000MB/秒；
2. PCIe transmission speed up to 32Gbps, storage transfer speed up to 3,000MB/s;

3、支持同时外接2台4K显示器或1台8K显示器；  3. Support 2 external 4K monitors or 1 8K monitor at the same time;

4、支持具有多达4个雷电4 端口的坞站；  4. Support docking stations with up to 4 Thunderbolt 4 ports;

对比前代雷电3 来说 ，雷电4 主要改进了兼容性、可靠性及安全性，提升了连接能力，可以说在雷电4 的加持下，笔记本电脑能够转接出几乎所有接口，这极大增强了扩展性能，当然价格也会更高。
Compared with the previous generation Thunderbolt 3, Thunderbolt 4 mainly improves compatibility, reliability and security, and improves connectivity capabilities.

而对比同样基于雷电3底层协议、USB-C物理接口的USB4 来说，雷电4 定义了严格的产品功能、验证测试和认证要求，并且需要额外的授权费。
Compared with USB4, which is also based on the underlying protocol of Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C physical interface, Thunderbolt 4 defines strict product functions, verification testing, and certification requirements, and requires additional licensing fees.

铅锤哥总结：  Summary of Brother Plumb:

简而言之，USB4是usb-IF协会基于雷电3的底层协议打造的，而雷电4则是英特尔公司基于雷电3改进升级而来的，他们都是同一个爸爸，不同妈妈生出来的。所以基本是平起平坐的，雷电4基本上等同于 Intel 认证过的 40Gbps 满血版 USB4，在质量上和功能上更有保证；而 USB4则作为免费使用的协议，谁都能用，各家厂商的产品性能就难免参差不齐。
In short, USB4 is built by the USB-IF Association based on the underlying protocol of Thunderbolt 3, while Thunderbolt 4 is based on the improvement and upgrade of Thunderbolt 3 by Intel, they are all born to the same father and different mothers. So it’s basically on an equal footing, Thunderbolt 4 is basically equivalent to the 40Gbps full-blooded version of USB4 certified by Intel, which is more guaranteed in terms of quality and functionality; USB4 is a free-to-use protocol, which anyone can use, and the product performance of various manufacturers will inevitably vary.

最后再提一句，传输规范是技术，必须所有的设备都支持才能发挥出价值，包括线材。
Finally, the transmission specification is a technology that must be supported by all devices, including cables.