Classifications
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) The proximal pancreas is defined as the gland to the right of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)–portal vein axis, whereas the distal pancreas is to the left of the axis. The term deep refers to an injury down to the level of the duct, whereas superficial implies the injury is superficial to the duct. 近端胰腺被定义为肠系膜上静脉（SMV）–门静脉轴右侧的腺体，而远端胰腺位于轴左侧。术语“深”是指损伤到导管水平，而“浅”则意味着损伤到导管是浅表的。
AAST grading is as follows: ❶grade I: hematoma with minor contusion or superficial laceration without duct injury. ❷grade II: major contusion or laceration without duct injury. ❸grade III: distal transection or deep parenchymal injury with duct injury. ❹grade IV: proximal transection or deep parenchymal injury involving the ampulla (and/or intrapancreatic common bile duct). ❺grade V: massive disruption of the pancreatic head (‘shattered pancreas’). AAST分级如下：❶I级：血肿伴轻微挫伤或浅表撕裂，无导管损伤。❷II级：严重挫伤或撕裂伤，无导管损伤。❸III级：远端横断或深部实质损伤伴导管损伤。❹IV级：涉及壶腹（和/或胰内胆总管）的近端横断或深部实质损伤。❺V级：胰头严重破坏（“胰腺粉碎”）。
one grade for multiple injuries up to grade 3. Grades I and II do not involve the duct and are considered low-grade injuries. Grades III, IV and V involve the duct and constitute ‘high-grade’ injuries ref. 多发伤的等级提高一级，最高可达3级。I级和II级不涉及导管，被认为是低级损伤。III、IV和V级涉及导管，构成“高级别”损伤。