全球每年超过230万人被诊断出乳腺癌,导致超过67万人死亡;预计未来25年全球发病率将上升近40%。由于对早期乳腺癌实施有效的筛查和治疗计划,许多高收入国家的乳腺癌死亡率已经下降,但是不断增长的乳腺癌发病率给全世界的治疗带来巨大挑战。同时,随着临床研究探索新的途径和方法,根据癌症分期和肿瘤生物学特征,对治疗不断个体化,治疗方案得到不断完善。这些发展凸显出制定早期乳腺癌患者多学科治疗指南的必要性和重要性,该指南应基于全球管理视角和当代临床专业知识,每两年召开的圣加仑国际乳腺癌大会就是为了满足这些需求。第19届大会于2025年3月在奥地利维也纳举行,汇聚来自100多个国家的乳腺外科、重建外科、肿瘤放疗科、肿瘤内科、妇科、病理科、遗传学、转化研究和放射科领域的3000多位知名专家,共同制定早期乳腺癌的治疗标准。共识专家组由来自欧洲、亚洲、非洲、中东、澳大利亚和美洲(北美洲、中美洲和南美洲)30多个国家76位代表(其中包括中国医学科学院肿瘤医院徐兵河、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院邵志敏、解放军总医院第五医学中心江泽飞、江苏省人民医院殷咏梅、台湾大学医学院附属医院黄俊升)组成,根据不同的肿瘤分期和生物学特征、患者年龄、治疗方案和意愿,通过探索多种临床场景,确定治疗方案。专家组采用涵盖典型和疑难情况的临床案例,制定个体化治疗方案。专家组深知,许多乳腺癌管理案例不仅需要了解海量临床文献,还需要根据特定患者情况进行优化治疗判断,尤其当不同的临床研究结果不一或者存在多种潜在治疗方案时。共识体现了大会的综合指导意见,尤其涵盖了专家组的投票和讨论结果。专家组推荐意见并未涉及罕见、不寻常的乳腺癌组织学类型。

  2025年10月8日,欧洲肿瘤内科学会官方期刊《肿瘤学年鉴》在线发表美国哈佛大学医学院达纳法伯癌症研究院、意大利米兰大学欧洲癌症研究院、奥地利维也纳医科大学、德国乳腺癌研究协作组、澳大利亚墨尔本大学彼得麦卡伦癌症中心、德国马尔堡大学、比利时安特卫普大学、英国爱丁堡大学、瑞士圣加仑州立医院、瑞士巴塞尔大学起草的2025年圣加仑国际乳腺癌共识专家组声明:根据癌症风险和患者意愿进行早期乳腺癌患者个体化治疗

  圣加仑国际乳腺癌共识为早期乳腺癌管理提供的指导意见重点包括:雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗类型的个体化分析;识别可能免除早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的患者;首选放疗计划和区域的更新;根据肿瘤亚型和残留肿瘤范围(如有)指导新辅助治疗后的腋窝管理;局部区域复发的治疗,包括再次放疗的时间;手术和放疗对导管原位癌的作用;寡转移性乳腺癌“辅助”型治疗患者的选择标准;认识到减少神经病变的新方法以及与癌症幸存者讨论性健康的重要性。

例如导管原位癌保乳手术后的放疗推荐意见:对于完全切除的2级雌激素受体阳性导管原位癌,专家组成员推荐保乳手术后进行放疗的比例,取决于导管原位癌病变大小

例如HER2阳性或三阴性乳腺癌辅助或新辅助治疗的肿瘤大小阈值:对于HER2阳性(蓝线)或三阴性(橙线)乳腺浸润癌,专家组成员推荐保乳手术后进行辅助治疗(A)或新辅助治疗(B)的比例,取决于体检或影像学检查的肿瘤大小(对于HER2阳性乳腺癌,化疗联合抗HER2治疗)

例如绝经前女性雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌根据复发评分和分期的推荐意见:专家组成员被要求针对一例肿瘤大小1.4厘米的2级乳腺癌42岁绝经前女性,根据淋巴结状态(A列淋巴结阴性,B列1个淋巴结阳性)和21基因复发评分,提供辅助治疗推荐意见。治疗方案包括他莫昔芬(深蓝色)、卵巢功能抑制+他莫昔芬(浅蓝色)、卵巢功能抑制+芳香化酶抑制剂(粉色)以及化疗+内分泌治疗(黑色)

例如专家组对局部区域复发再次放疗的推荐意见与最初诊断后时间:支持对原T2N0期、雌激素受体阳性、HER2阴性乳腺癌进行局部区域复发乳房部分放疗的专家组成员比例,取决于最初保乳手术和全乳放疗后的时间长短

2025年圣加仑推荐意见的重要创新包括:基因检测指南更新;支持为更多患者制定低分割和超低分割放疗计划;推荐对三阴性乳腺癌采用铂类化疗,并根据生物学风险标志物考虑对其他乳腺癌亚型采用蒽环类;避免对许多低风险雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结手术;对三阴性乳腺癌和某些雌激素受体低表达乳腺癌采用免疫治疗;对局部区域复发再次放疗和全身治疗的指导意见;寡转移乳腺癌治疗指导原则;通过尽量减少神经病变症状和解决乳腺癌患者性健康问题改善生存的重要推荐意见。

  因此,针对早期乳腺癌的国际多学科指导正在不断发展,可为患者提供结局更好的治疗选择,并更关注患者的意愿和生存需求。绝大多数专家共识并非一致通过的投票结果,而是反映推荐意见的争议和分歧程度,而且与时俱进不断变化,需要针对具体患者具体情况具体分析,不可拿着共识当令箭、一刀切一招鲜地照搬照抄照单全收。

Ann Oncol. 2025 Oct 8. IF: 65.4

Tailoring Treatment to Cancer Risk and Patient Preference: The 2025 St Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Statement on Individualizing Therapy for Patients With Early Breast Cancer.

Burstein HJ, Curigliano G, Gnant M, Loibl S, Regan MM, Loi S, Denkert C, Poortmans P, Cameron D, Thurlimann B, Weber WP; Panelists of the St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus 2025.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; University of Milano, Milan, Italy; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; German Breast Group (GBG), Neu-Isenberg, Germany; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • The St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus provides state of the guidance for management of early stage breast cancer. Highlights of the current document include:

  • Individualized analysis of neo/adjuvant types of therapy for patients with ER+ breast cancers;

    2025年圣加仑国际乳腺癌共识声明
  • Identification of patients who may omit sentinel lymph node biopsy for early breast cancer;

  • Updates on preferred radiation therapy schedules and fields;

  • Guidance on axillary management after neoadjuvant therapy based on tumor subtype and extent of residual tumor (if any);

  • Treatments for local-regional recurrence including timing of re-irradiation;

  • Role of surgery and radiation therapy in ductal carcinoma in situ;

  • Criteria for selection of patients for ‘adjuvant’ type treatment in the setting of oligometastatic breast cancer

  • Recognition of new approaches to reduce neuropathy and of the importance of discussing sexual health with cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a global disease affecting millions of individuals. Ongoing advancements in multidisciplinary management of breast cancer patients warrant discussion and integration into standard treatment plans.

DESIGN: The St Gallen Breast Cancer Consensus conference is an international, biennial meeting where experts make treatment recommendations for state-of-the-art care of early stage breast cancer.

RESULTS: Important innovations in the 2025 St Gallen recommendations include updated guidance on genetic testing; endorsement of hypofractionated, and ultrahypofractionated, radiation therapy schedules for larger numbers of patients; recommendation for platinum based chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer, and use of biological risk markers to consider anthracyclines in other breast cancer subtypes; avoidance of sentinel lymph node surgery in many patients with low-risk, ER positive cancers; use of immunotherapy in triple-negative and certain ER-low positive tumors; guidance for re-irradiation and systemic therapy in the setting of local-regional recurrence; criteria to guide treatment of oligometastatic breast cancer; and important recommendations for improving survivorship by minimizing neuropathy symptoms and addressing sexual health concerns of breast cancer patients.

CONCLUSIONS: International, multidisciplinary guidance for early breast cancer is evolving and offers patients better outcomes, improved treatment choices, and greater concern for patient preferences and survivorship needs.

KEYWORDS: Early breast cancer, adjuvant endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, breast surgery, axillary surgery, radiation therapy, survivorship, local-regional recurrence, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), oligometastatic breast cancer

DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2025.09.007